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kelp” of the Pacific Ocean, which is said to attain seven 
hundred feet in length. The seaweeds culminate in the red 
algae, a group in which the plants show some shade of red, 
pink or purple; these (cases 9 to 16) exhibit a marvelous 
range of form and color. The last group of cases contain- 
ing this series is given to the group of red algae which are 
known as the corallines, on account of their outward resem- 
blance tothe corals. These plants are thoroughly permeated 
with lime and are often as hard and stone-like as any coral, 
and build up reefs in the tropical oceans much as the corals do. 
The next great type of plant life is the fungi (cases 17 to 
36). These, like the plants of the preceding group, vary 
greatly in size and complexity of structure; but, unlike them, 
they are devoid of chlorophyl, the characteristic green matter 
which enables other plants to build up complex food for their 
nourishment, and consequently they are wholly different in 
their mode of life. Some are parasitic, deriving their nourish- 
ment from living plants and causing enormous damage to 
crops; others are saprophytic, deriving it from the remains 
of dead organisms; while others are symbiotic, living in such 
relationship with chlorophyl-bearing (green) plants that they 
mutually nourish one another, as in the case of lichens 
and mycorhizas. There are five generally recognized series 
here: First we have the stalked-spored fungi (cases 17 to 
28). This series falls into two groups, the one typified by 
the ‘‘ rusts” and ‘¢smuts” which are commonly parasitic on 
the leaves and fruits of other plants; the other the great 
saprophytic group well known through the mushrooms, 
bracket-fungi, stink-horns and puff-balls. Second in the 
series is the group known as the imperfect fungi (case 29). 
In this group the spores are borne directly on the threads or 
‘‘hyphae” which constitute the vegetative portion of the 
organism. They are often parasitic on the leaves and on 
the bark of both wild and cultivated plants. Third in this 
series are the spore-sac fungi (cases 30 and 31). In these 
plants the spores are borne in delicate membranous sacs, 
called asci, which in the more complex forms are collected 
