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pine of Europe and Asiatic Russia. On the easterly slope 
of this higher land and on the lower ground nearby will be 
found, among others, the red or Canadian pine, from north- 
eastern North America, the wood of which is largely used 
for building purposes and for masts, piles, and spars; the 
small-flowered pine, another of the white pines and from 
Japan, where it is frequently used by the Japanese in produc- 
ing their miniature trees; the Japanese black pine, also 
from Japan and useful for its wood; the Austrian pine, found 
native in Austria, Servia and Roumania; and the yellow, or 
bull, pine, from western North America. 
In the triangle located midway between the south gate and 
the conservatories, are the American cypresses (Yawxodium), 
in two species: the cypress, or bald cypress, and the pond 
cypress. These, like the larches (Larzx), and a few other 
coniferous trees, shed their leaves for a portion of the year. 
They form vast areas, in parts of the southern states, called 
cypress swamps. Their timber is of economic importance 
and their bark is rich in tannin. None of the true cypresses 
(genus Cupressus) are hardy with us. 
At the northern end of the swale in which the herbaceous 
grounds are located, is a miscellaneous collection of con- 
iferous trees, and also the members of the yew family (Tax- 
aceae). Among the miscellaneous coniferous trees here are: 
the Japanese cedar, a tree which is barely hardy in this lati- 
tude, and of which only a single specimen is at present in the 
collection; the umbrella pine, from Japan, a very decorative 
plant; the deodar, or Indian cedar, from the Himalayan re- 
gion; and the Mt. Atlas cedar, from northern Africa. The 
larches (Zarzw) will also be found in this neighborhood, on 
the ridge. These are deciduous trees, the wood of which is 
of great economic importance. Specimens of the European 
larch are here, and also of the Japanese larch. The genus 
Pseudolarix, distinguished from the larches in having the 
scales of the cones deciduous, is represented by its single 
species, the golden, or Chinese, larch; this, like the true 
larches, is a deciduous tree. 
