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is valued in that region on account of its bark which is used 
in tanning leather. The swamp oak, the scarlet oak, the 
black oak and the white oak are to be seen in large wild 
specimens elsewhere in the grounds. 
The chestnuts (Castanea) are represented by the Japanese 
chestnut, of China and Japan; in addition to this, in various 
parts of the grounds, the American chestnut will be found 
in many wild specimens. The beeches (Magus) are located 
to the westward of the chestnuts, in the north part of the 
swale. The European beech and its purple-leaved variety 
will both be found here in small recently planted trees. 
Small trees of the American beech are also here, but large 
wild specimens will be found along the driveways and paths 
in the vicinity ; the wood of the beech takes a high polish, and 
is largely used for furniture, while the nuts are edible. The 
uses of the European beech are about the same as those of the 
American. 
The elm family, to which belong the elms, the hack- 
berries, or sugarberries, and the water-elms, is located on 
the ridge to the north of the stable. Among the elms (U/mus) 
to be found here is the Scotch, or Wych, elm, a native of Eu- 
rope and Siberia; the late-flowering elm, growing wild from 
Tennessee to Alabama ; the cork, or rock, elm, of northeastern 
North America; the Chinese elm, of northern China and 
Japan; and the winged elm or wahoo, of the southeastern 
United States. The American elm and the slippery elm are 
wild in the grounds. The hackberries (Ce/¢zs) represented 
are the southern hackberry, of the southeastern United 
States; and the American nettle-tree or sugar-berry, of 
eastern North America. The water-elms are illustrated by 
the pointed water-elm, a native of Japan. The mulberry 
family is represented by the osage orange (7owxy/on), trees 
of which will be found to the south of the driveway; it is a 
native of the central parts of the United States; the red mul- 
berry and the white mulberry are wild. The cercis-leaf 
family has for a representative the cercis-leaf, of Japan, 
located just to the south of the row of tulip-trees just east of 
