(154) 
VERNONIBEAE Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1815: 173. 1815 
Carduaceae ; heads homogamous, hermaphrodite; scales of the 
involucre loosely or closely imbricated in few or several series, or 
white to red or blu er yellow, regularly toothed or lobed, 
rarely irregularly lobed (lephantopese) or subligulate ( Stofesza) ; 
anthers sagittate at base or in some genera subcaudate; style- 
branches slender, tapering, acute, hairy without, stigmatose within; 
achene terete or subterete, ten-angled or ten-costate, by reduction 
or interposition 3-20-costate; pappus none, or of bristles, scales, or 
scales and bristles, in one or more series. Herbs, shrubs, vines or 
small trees, with alternate, entire to serrate leaves. 
Conspectus of North American Genera 
1. Subtribe HUVERNONIEAE. Heads separate 
Pappus a ies ring. 
Bristles none. I. Struchium, 
Bristles ee within the r . Pacourina. 
Pappus of scales, bristles, or beh scales and bristles. 
Pappus very deciduous ; outer involucral aitia foliaceous. 
3. Centratherum. 
Pappus persistent, of bristles or of bristles and scales. 
Anthers subcaudate at base; heads in axillary clusters. 
4. Piptocarpha. 
Anthers obtuse at base. 
Bristles of the — in one or more series, uniform in length. 
Leaves all bas 5. Lachnorhiza. 
Cauline ee present 6. Leiboldia 
Bristles of the pappus iu two series, the outer much seeder than 
Heads 8-88-flowered ; scales of the involucre persistent. 
rnonia. 
Heads 1-5-flowered, in rounded panicles. 
8. 
. Evremosis. 
Pappus persistent, of scales. 
Re 
11. Bolanosa. 
Receptacle not chaffy. 
Corollas rei lobed, appearing sie clara 
. Stokesia. 
Corollas tubular, regularly lobed. 
Heads 1-8-flowered. 9. Oliganthes. 
Heads 8-flowered or more. to. Piptocoma. 
2. Subtribe LYCHNOPHOREAE. Heads aie into secondary 
capitula or glomer 
Corolla 5-cleft ; style deeply 2-lobed ; involucral scales 8 or more. 
Pappus-bristles all alike, straight. 
