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hemispheric, 8 mm. high; scales purple, appressed, ovate-oblong, 
glabrous or sparsely ciliate, rounded to obtuse or subacute; achenes 
3-5 mm. long, nearly oo pappus purplish, 6-7 mm. long, 
the outer series inconspic 
Type locality: ‘ eee Territory.” 
Distribution: in wet ground, from Eastern North Dakota to 
western Nebraska. North Dakota: Valley City, .IdZss Z. ZL. 
Perrine; Devil’s Lake, Geyer 268; Leeds, ZLunell; upper Mis- 
souri River, Rothkammer gor. Nebraska: Big Spring, Rydberg 
735; Fort Kearney, Herb. Engelmann ; Platte River, Fremont. 
Hesitatingly regarded as distinct by Schweinitz, the species has 
since been included with V. fasciculata, from which it is distin- 
guished by the wide, merely acute leaves and the broader involucre. 
In geographical distribution it is also distinct, its range lying to the 
north and northwest of that of V. fasciculata. 
80. VERNONIA FASCICULATA Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 94. 1803. 
Stem eee striate, glabrous, purple or greenish-purple, 6-10 
dm. high; leaves numerous, ascending, thin, bright-green, lines, 
ee narrowed to a sessile base, sharply dentate with 
curved ascending teeth, glabrous on both sides, 1-nerved with faint 
lateral veinlets, 8-13, cm. lo ong, 4-7 mm. wide: inflorescence dense, 
hemispheric, 4-6 cm. across; heads crowded, sessile or short-pe- 
duncled, 21-flowered; involucre campanulate, 6 mm. high; scales 
all appressed and regularly imbricated, acute, glabrous, or sparingly 
ciliate, the exposed portion red or purple; achenes puberulent in 
the furrows, 3 mm. long; pappus purple. 
Type locality: ‘¢in pratis illinoensibus.” 
The form chosen for description is abundant in open places in 
grassy swamps and in wet grounds throughout Illinois, and agrees 
most nearly with Michaux’s character ‘‘foliis longo-linearibus.” 
The species as at present understood is widely variable, and some 
or all of the three additional forms recognizable in herbarium 
material may eventually prove distinct. Still, they appear to inter- 
grade, and in one case at least the ecological habit is different from 
the normal. The evidence at hand is not sufficient to warrant 
discussion of their systematic rank, and they will merely be described 
as forms which the species may assume. As examples of the type 
may be taken three sheets in the herbarium of the New York Botan- 
ical Garden, all from Illinois: Chicago, Afoffatt; Oquawka, Pat- 
terson; and Chicago, Badcock 
2. Leaves broader, the width about one-sixth of the length, incon- 
