(50) 
tion is due in a large measure to the character of the ma- 
terials, as vegetable remains are abundant in the form of lig- 
nite, forming thin seams intercalated in the sands nearly to 
the top of the exposure. The various layers are not con- 
tinuous for any distance along the bluff and evidently indi- 
cate an inshore shallow fresh-water deposit which as time 
progressed gradually became marine through encroachments 
of the sea; the upper layers of sand with thin seams of com- 
minuted vegetable matter indicating changed conditions and 
deposits in less quiet waters. 
It is quite evident that sufficient material has not yet been 
accumulated to warrant an exhaustive discussion of the flora. 
Iam enabled to enumerate sixty-seven different species of 
plants of which fourteen are new; of these sixty-seven species 
some nineteen are of doubtful affinities, such as the various 
species of Carpolithus, Arisaema, Podozamites, Phragmites, 
and the various fragments provisionally determined. There 
are present, however, in great abundance, such characteristic 
mid-Cretaceous forms as Dammara, Cunninghamites, Dewal- 
guea, Moriconza, Salix flexuosa, Proteoides daphnogeneoides, 
Sassafras acutilobum, Laurus plutonta, Sapindus Morrison, 
Andromeda Parlatortt, etc. 
ora has more in common with the middle (Wood- 
bridge) stage of the Raritan than with the other layers of 
that formation, eleven of the seventeen identical species oc- 
curring there, but this is undoubtedly due to the fact that this 
horizon is the best known; the upper Raritan (South Amboy) 
layers have not been sufficiently exploited to give us a clear 
idea of the vegetation prevalent when they were deposited. 
Forty-nine of the Matawan species have not as yet been 
found in the Raritan, although two of these are found on 
Long or Staten Island in beds probably of Raritan age. 
While this comparison might argue a considerable interval 
between the two formations, it remains to be pointed out that 
the following ten species are confined to the Raritan of New 
Jersey or the Islands and the Matawan formations on this 
continent: Chondrites fexuosus, Getnitzia formosa, Cunning- 
