(355) 
The mass of cytoplasm which surrounds them is densely 
granular and no evidence of starch was observed in the em- 
bryo-sac at any time. Oil is abundant in the surrounding 
cells of the nucellus and to some extent also in the embryo- 
sac. he endosperm elongates in the direction of the 
chalaza as soon as fertilization has taken place, and for a 
time remains quite compact in the region of the embryo. 
The lower part, however, is a very delicate film which ter- 
minates in a sort of cup-like collection of cells like that 
shown in the case of Apodanthera (fig. 39). There is a 
rapid breaking down of all tissue in immediate contact with 
the embryo-sac even before there is any considerable enlarge- 
ment of the nucellus. The sac-like character of the endo- 
sperm is soon assumed (fg. 88) and its cytoplasm becomes 
more and more vacuolated. ‘The formation of cell-walls be- 
gins quite early and is complete before the embryo has at- 
tained any considerable degree of differentiation (jig. gr). 
In this condition it is compact upon the surface but composed 
of large cells within. The details of its structure are shown 
in figure 93. Here it will be seen that the cells of the outer 
layer consist of a dense compact cytoplasm, while in the 
larger inner cells the protoplasmic content is distributed in a 
thin layer over the inner surface of the cell-wall. The sig- 
nificance of these facts will be discussed later. It will also 
be observed (fg. gz) that the end of the mass of endosperm 
in contact with the embryo is not of the same character as 
the rest of the superficial layer, but is composed of the large 
cells just described. 
The first cleavages of the odspore are transverse. Several 
of these divisions in succession result in the formation of a 
rudimentary suspensor (figs. 8&5, 86). After the first two or 
three cleavages the subsequent divisions are anticlinal (jg. 
87) and in somewhat irregular planes. The result is the 
formation of a pyriform mass (fg. 90), which increases in 
size until it is composed of several hundred cells, when the 
initial differentiation of root-cap and apical meristem is ap- 
parent. The formation of the root-cap is begun by a series 
