( 64 ) 
The investigation of economic plants and their products is 
accomplished through the Scientific Department, and few 
valuable results can be reached unless the scientific equip- 
ment 1s well developed. The two departments must work 
conjointly, both on account of the necessity of knowing just 
what species is under investigation, its structure, distribution 
and literature, and in order that the most approved and exact 
methods may be used in the research. Any idea that the 
scientific element can be dispensed with in connection with 
economic studies is palpably untenable. 
Teaching and research in agriculture, pomology and 
plant pathology are so well organized in America, through 
our National Department of Agriculture and our numerous 
agricultural colleges and schools, that there is no great neces- 
sity for providing elaborate equipments for those branches in 
botanical gardens. But in case the endowment of a garden 
were sufficiently large to enable them to be successfully pros- 
ecuted, in addition to more necessary work, there can be no 
doubt that important additions to knowledge would be ob- 
tained. On the other hand, no such liberal allowances have 
been made with us for forestry or pharmacognosy, and re- 
search and instruction in these sciences must prove of the 
greatest benefit to the country. 
The 4sthetic Element. The buildings, roads, paths and 
planting of a botanical garden should be constructed and 
arranged with reference to tasteful and decorative landscape 
effect. The possibilities of treatment will depend largely 
upon the topographical character af the area selected and 
the natural vegetation of the tract. The buildings required 
are a fire-proof structure or structures for museum, herbarium, 
libraries, laboratories, and offices; a glass house with com- 
partments kept at several different temperatures for exhibition, 
propagation and experimentation, or several separate glass 
houses; and to these will be usually added dwelling-houses 
for some of the officers, a stable and other minor buildings. 
The character, number and sizes of the buildings generally 
depend on financial considerations. In placing the structures 
