CRETACEOUS CONIFERALES 3 
Hollick, A. “Origin of the nn Found on Staten Island.” 
Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 11, 12. 1906.—“ A Fossil Forest 
b " Proc. Staten Island 1. Arts & Sci. 1: 21-22. 1006. 
“ Insect Borings in Cretaceous Lignite from Kreischerville.” 
Ibid. 23, 24. 
Jeffrey, E. C., and Chrysler, M. A. “On Cretaceous Pityoxyla.” 
Bot. Gaz. 42: 1-15. pls. 1, 2. 1906. 
Jeffrey, Е.С. “The Wound Reactions of Brachyphyllum.” Annals 
Bot. 20: 383-394. pls. 27, 28. 1906.—" Araucariopitys, а New 
Genus of Araucarians." Bot. Gaz. 44: 435—444. pls. 28-30. 
1907.— Оп the Structure of the Leaf in Cretaceous Pines.” 
Annals Bot. 22: 207-220. pls. 13, 14. 1908. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE DEPOSITS 
Stratigraphic Relations.—A complete series of (һе Kreischerville 
deposits shows Cretaceous clays and sands at the base, apparently 
including both the Raritan and the Cliftwood formation, above which 
are sands and gravels of Tertiary or early Pleistocene age, probably 
referable to the Pensauken formation, with Quaternary boulder till 
at the surface; but all of these deposits are seldom represented in any 
one section and one or more of the formations may be locallv want- 
ing, or their exact stratigraphic relations in certain of the sections 
may be more or less obscurely defined. It is often difficult, for 
example, to differentiate satisfactorily between the two Cretaceous 
formations, on account of their general lithologic similarity and the 
fact that certain wellknown floral elements are common to both, 
while in certain sections it 15 not easy even to determine whether only 
one of the formations is represented or whether both are present, for 
the reason that the line of contact between them 15 generally not well 
defined. Cross-bedding, and the occurrence of lenticular beds or 
pockets of lignitic debris between the sand and clay layers, are con- 
spicuous original features of the deposits at certain levels, indicating 
running water conditions of deposition, while elsewhere there are 
pronounced secondary deformations, due to ice .pressure, repre- 
sented by faulting and folding of the strata. 
The stratigraphic relations are therefore liable to be misinter- 
preted unless they are subjected to careful study. Аз a rule, how- 
ever, the lower white and gray clays and sands are regarded as 
