CRETACEOUS CONIFERALES II 
varnishes used by photographers. A number of the smaller frag- 
mentary remains were photographed in this way, and from the 
photographs drawings were made in order to emphasize certain 
critical features not otherwise к These are reproduced on 
Plates 7-10, and photo-micrographs of the sections on Plates 11-29. 
The latter may be advantageously examined with a hand lens. 
Я mber.—Under this name we include all of the resinous material 
found in connection with the deposits, of which a considerable 
amount was collected. The larger fragments were secured during 
the progress of excavation, without any special search being made 
for them, while most of the smaller pieces were obtained as an inci- 
dental result of the subsequent maceration of the lignitic debris. 
In numerous instances, also, it was found in situ in the interstices 
of the lignites, as will be described further on in the discussions of 
certain of these remains. It is manifest that its exact origin could 
be determined only when found as an actual constituent of some 
lignite with structure sufficiently well preserved for identification. 
The isolated fragments may have been derived from several dif- 
ferent sources. They probably include both bark and wood amber 
and represent, so far as their origin is concerned, several different 
genera and species of trees, and hence ап еНоте was made, by means 
of chemical analysis, to determine approximately the origin of some 
of this material. Specimens analyzed by Dr. William J. Gies, of 
Columbia University, gave the results set forth in the following - 
report: 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 
March 22, 1907. 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, 
N. Y. Botanical Garden. 
Dear Dr. Hollick: The samples of American fossil resin [ from 
Kreischerville] submitted to me by you for chemical analysis were 
ound to consist of typical amber. This conclusion is justified not 
only by the fact that the samples closely resembled well known 
varıeties of amber in all of the grosser aspects, such as hardness, 
color, specific gravity, etc., but, also, by the observation that the 
differential chemical qualities of your samples and those of Succinite 
were essentially the same. 
