CRETACEOUS CONIFERALES I3 
of a number of different species, some with two and others with 
three, four and five needles in each fascicle, and some of the frag- 
ments of the needles are two inches long, indicating a greater length 
when entire. In all cases where the basal portions of the fascicles 
are preserved a persistent sheath is also present, generally forming 
a membranous vagina, such as 1s usually found in living species 
belonging to the sections Pseudostrobus, Pinea and Pinaster. One, 
possibly two species, show a type of sheath unusual among living 
hard pines, consisting of loose, short bracts, like those occurring in 
the section Strobus, and in Pinus edulis Engelm. and related species 
of soft pines, but not deciduous as in these and other pines of the 
same group. 
These remains, when sufficiently well preserved, possess one fea- 
ture which, in general, serves to distinguish all of the Cretaceous 
pines thus far examined by us from those now living, and that is the 
very wide zone of transfusion tissue surrounding the leaf bundles. 
'This transfusion tissue differs from that found in living pines in that 
there are few or no parenchyma cells mixed up with the transfusion 
elements proper. The endodermal sheath separating the transfu- 
sion tissue from the mesophyll is also less clearly marked than in 
living pines, or it may be entirely absent 
Cones and cone scales which could be definitely identified by their 
internal structure as belonging to the genus are neither numerous 
nor well preserved; but other specimens, from the appearance of 
their external characters alone, might be provisionally so referred 
and thus add to the number of this class of remains. Inasmuch, 
however, as we have found one type of scale, superficially resem- 
bling Pinus very closely, in which the internal structure proves it to 
belong to the Araucarineae, we naturally regard other similar 
remains as of doubtful generic relationship unless their internal 
structure 1s also known. 
Well-preserved specimens of wood or lignite were found, both in 
the Androvette and in the Drummond pit, the best ones in the latter. 
In some of these amber was found in situ, thus demonstrating the 
source of at least some of this substance occurring in isolated frag- 
ments and drops in the lignitic debris. In this connection, however, 
we may again remark that under the name “ amber " we include all of 
the resinous material found either isolated or in situ in any of the 
lignites, and that it was not exclusively a product of the genus Pinus. 
