CRETACEOUS CONIFERALES 35 
further out are other resin canals belonging to the adnate leaves. 
The periphery of the section has a somewhat mottled appearance, 
which is due to the presence of strands of sclerenchyma just underneath 
the epidermis. The fact that the leaves are free from the surface 
of the stem merely by a narrow margin may be seen by following 
the outline of the section. Figure 2, Pl. 11, shows a similar section, 
X 28, of a much younger and smaller stem than that which appears 
in fig. 1. On the margin of the section may be seen the indications 
of three leaves. The distribution of resin canals is the same as in 
fig. 1, but is less easily made out. The central cylinder is so small 
that it can scarcely be seen without magnification by means of a lens. 
Figure 4, Pl. 11, is the central cylinder and immediately surround- 
ing tissues, X 15, of the section shown in fig. 1. Figure 5, Pl. 11, 
shows the central cylinder of the same specimen in longitudinal sec- 
tion, X 15. In this view the fact that the sclerenchyma occurs in 
nests may clearly be made out. 
Figure 1, Pl. 12, is a part of the section shown in fig. 4, Pl. 
II, X 40. In the upper part of the field may be seen a mass of 
cortical sclerenchyma. Below this the cortex is occupied by two 
resin canals. Inferior to the line joining these lies the phloem, 
which, as was pointed out in the preliminary article, contains none 
of the bast fibers characteristic of the Sequoiineae, with which 
Brachyphyllum has been placed by most authors, on account of 
its general external appearance. The phloem terminates above 
in a discontinuous dark line, which is constituted by masses of col- 
lapsed sieve-tubes similar to those which occur in many living con- 
ifers. Below the phloem is the xylem, which presents the illusory 
appearance of two annual rings, due to inequality in growth. The 
inner part of the xylem is very badly preserved and only occasionally 
shows the presence of the protoxylem clusters, which exhibit, how- 
ever, no features of special interest. Internal to the wood is the 
pith, consisting of thin-walled parenchyma and islands of scleren- 
chyma, one of which appears in the field. Figure 2, Pl. 12, is a 
view of another part of the section shown in fig. 4, Pl. 11, X 40. 
On the upper left-hand may be seen the layer of deep periderm which 
has been mentioned above. On the extreme left, just outside the 
phloem, a leaf trace may be seen on its way outward. It has not: 
yet undergone the divisions which characterize it in its more external' 
course. Figure 3, Pl. 12, is a portion of the same section, X 180,, 
