36 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 
showing the wall of the central cylinder. Тһе xylem may be seen 
to be made up of tracheids, without any admixture of parenchyma- 
tous elements. External to it is the phloem, separated from it by 
a slight interval, due to decay. Figure 4, Pl. 12, is a similar section, 
X 40, in which may be seen a forking leaf trace. In Brachyphyllum 
the foliar trace divides in the outer cortex or in the mesophyll of 
the leaf into a large number of very fine strands, which finally become 
lost in a continuous band of transfusion tissue which occurs under- 
neath the palisade parenchyma of the leaf. Figure 6, Pl. 12, shows 
this transfusion tissue in transverse section, X 180. It appears as 
a stripe of tracheary cells running across the center of the field from 
side to side. Figure с, Pl. 12, illustrates the character of the tissues 
in the vicinity of the Е. as they appear in transverse section, 
x 40. The dark masses just beneath the epidermis are the strands 
of fibrous tissue which are partly responsible for the striated appear- 
ance of the leaves of Brachyphyllum in well-preserved impressions. 
The striations stand out most clearly in partially decayed material, 
which throws the sclerotic ridges into stronger relief. "There is, 
however, a finer striation, which appears even in well-carbonized 
material, due to the presence of rows of depressed stomata. 
Figure 1, Pl. 13, shows the structure of the central cylinder of a 
very young branch of Brachyphyllum macrocarpum, in transverse 
section, X 40. Severalfibrovascular bundles are present which have 
not as yet been united with each other by the formation of a con- 
tinuous woody cylinder such as is found in the older stem. On the 
right of the figure may be seen a leaf trace making its way outwards 
into the cortex. It subtends a clearly marked gap in the central 
cylinder. The anatomical fact represented by this figure makes it 
difficult to accept the hypothesis that the araucarineous conifers have 
a close relation to the Lycopodineae, an hypothesis recently revived 
with some force of argument by Seward,3! but it has been pointed 
out by the junior author?? that none of the Lycopodineae, living or 
extinct, have foliar gaps, while in the Araucarineae, both living and 
extinct, foliar gaps, so far as our knowledge goes, are always present. 
In our investigations we have had the opportunity to examine this 
feature in a number of hitherto structurally unknown Araucarians, 
which show every indication of representing an older type than those 
"Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London В 198: 305-411. pls. 23, 24. 1906. 
“Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London В 195: 119-146. pls. 1-6. 1902. 
