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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXX. No. 759 



able works on ethics that have been published 

 in recent years and it is a credit to American 

 scholarship. Frank Thillt 



Cornell University 



Athletic Games in the Education of Women. 

 By Gertbude Dudley, Director of the Wo- 

 men's Department of Physical Education, 

 University of Chicago, and Frances A. 

 KJELLOR, author of " Experimental Sociol- 

 ogy," " Out of Work," etc. New York, 

 Henry Holt & Co. Price $1.25 net. 

 Miss Dudley and Miss Kellor have pre- 

 sented a study which is unique, not only with 

 reference to the influence of athletic sports 

 and particularly team games upon women, but 

 with reference to the nature and meaning of 

 athletic sports themselves. The titles of the 

 first three chapters are significant of this 

 fact. They are: Citizenship and Social Edu- 

 cation, Educational Value of Athletics, In- 

 structors — their Eesponsibility and Training. 

 The plan of the book, after presenting these 

 general sociological and pedagogical consid- 

 erations, involves a discussion of athletics for 

 girls as now carried on in secondary schools, 

 colleges, universities and clubs. It involves 

 also a discussion of the nature and effects of 

 competition, and particularly of competition 

 in public. The influence of games in pro- 

 moting self-control, cooperation, fair play, 

 loyalty, courage, responsibility, discipline, is 

 discussed. The book takes up the matter of 

 training in general and training specifically 

 for basket ball, field hockey, etc. 



The philosophical point of view taken is 

 that the instinct feelings back of athletics 

 are in the main those that make and control 

 masculine character; that the ability to do 

 team work is developed in the male by playing 

 team games, such as baseball; and that mod- 

 ern woman, in her growing relationship to 

 the community has need of these same ele- 

 ments of capacity for subordinating the self 

 to the whole, of " playing the game," that a 

 man gets through his athletics. The authors 

 add : " These qualities are not essentially 

 masculine. They are but human qualities, 

 needed for human fellowship." There is 

 frank recognition of the fact that the ethical 



element is secured only when the games are 

 wisely conducted, and that too often only evil 

 results are secured from badly managed ath- 

 letics. 



A question is raised in the mind of the re- 

 viewer as to the truth of the fitrst assumption. 

 Is woman really changing her relation to so- 

 ciety? Is the present world-wide wave of 

 unrest among women symptomatic of a per- 

 manent biological or sociological readjust- 

 ment; and if such is the case, is the readjust- 

 ment to come about through the social 

 discipline of the female, by the same means 

 through which the male has been disciplined? 

 Are the social instinct feelings which have 

 been so closely connected with woman's life 

 — as far back as the ages of savagery — to be 

 changed and developed into instinct feelings 

 that tend toward the team spirit? The query 

 is raised, but in the nature of the case it can 

 not perhaps be answered, for it is easier to 

 look back than to look forward. 



Luther Halsey Gulick 

 New York, 

 June 15, 1909 



FISHES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND OF AFRICA 



A MUCH-NEEDED "Preliminary Synopsis of 

 the Fishes of the Russian Empire" from a 

 systematic and geographical point of view has 

 been published by V. I. Gratzianow. It is 

 dated on the title page, Moscow, 1907, but the 

 copy in the Smithsonian Library was received 

 April 3, 1909. The work is entirely in Rus- 

 sian and consequently will be of little use to 

 most ichthyologists except for what may be 

 gathered from the scientific names. The 

 classification of Jordan is adopted mainly. 

 948 species are enumerated under 331 genera 

 and 101 families. Diehotomous tables are 

 given for the various groups. 



The first volume of a " Catalogue of the 

 Fresh-water Fishes of Africa in the British 

 Museum (Natural History)," by George Al- 

 bert Boulenger, has been published by the 

 museum. It embraces the Selachians and the 

 Teleostomes down to and including the 

 Cyprinoid genera Laheo, Discognathus and 

 Taricorhimts. Descriptions of all the species 



