70 BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENT. SOC. II. 187'.*. 



hard, the whole is to be kept well moistened. The pupae are to 

 be laid loosely upon this lower surface. These are to be cov- 

 ered with a board or tin, resting closely upon the elevated ridge. 



This will keep the pupae well moistened. A hole or two, must 

 be left in the ridge, and plenty of space given for the free 

 exit of the imago. 



The method, which, with many of our friends, has proved most 

 successful, is as follows,- one provides himself with a large quan- 

 tity of the ordinary swamp-moss used by florists. It is heated 

 and dried, so as to destroy all aquatic life, then moistened, and 

 is packed without any earth in the bottom of the cage or box, to 

 the depth of several inches. The papae are carefully laid upon 

 this surface, and over them is spread some tw 7 o or three inches 

 more of moistened moss. This is not at all or very lightly packed. 



The jmpae cannot possibly injure themselves, and the moss 

 retains so much moisture that it is hardly possible for them to 

 become too dry, and absorbs so much that they can easily be kept 

 from being water-soaked. The moss as well offers little resistance 

 to the escape of the imago. 



Pupae which are in cocoons, and which in nature are on the 

 surface amongst grass-stubble or under leaves, should never be re- 

 moved from their cocoons, and should be kept moist as in nature. 



They are kept in nice condition by being laid upon the surface 

 of the moss bed. 



In the removal of the pupae from the earth in which they have 

 pupated, very great care should be taken. The soil should be very 

 thoroughly examined, and the pupae should be handled as gently 

 and as little as possible. 



They should not under any circumstances be allowed to dry in 

 transitu, and after the transfer is made should be allowed to rest in 

 peace. 



The moss should not be removed, or even disturbed till as late as 

 August following the hybernation. 



4. When the Butterfly or moth has emerged, one should have 

 patience. It should not be killed as soon as its wings are fully 

 expanded, but time should be ^iven to let the juices be absorbed. 



If pinned too soon, a drop of liquid exudes where the pin enters 

 the thorax, and very often where the needle-point enters the 

 wings in moving them to their proper position ; and the result is 



