SCIENCE 



A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advancement 

 of Science, publishing the official notices and 

 proceedings of the American Association for the 

 Advancement of Science, edited by J. McKeen 

 Cattell and published every Friday by 



THE SCIENCE PRESS 



1 1 Liberty St., Utica, N. Y. Garrison, N. Y. 



New York City: Grand Central Terminal 



} Single Copies, 15 Cts. 



Annual Subs 



■iptic 



Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1922, at the 

 Post Office at Utica, N. Y., Under the Act of March 3, 1879. 



Vol. LVI SEPTEMBER 8, 1922 No. 1445 



CONTENTS 



Common Aims of Culture and Besearch in the 

 University: Dr. John C. Merriam 263 



The World's Supply of Iodine in Belation to 

 the Prevention of Goitre : Professor J. F. 

 McClendon 269 



International Meeting of Chemists at Utrecht 270 



Scientific Events: 



The Royal Sanitary Institute; The French 

 Bye Industry; Good Roads Scholarship ; 

 The Association of Iron and Steel Elec- 

 trical Engineers 272 



Scientific Notes and News 274 



University and Educational Notes 278 



Discussion and Correspondence: 



Relief for Russian Astronomers: Dr. Ed- 

 win B. Frost. Botulinus Toxin: Dr. J. 

 Bronfenbrenner. Soil Shifting in the 

 Connecticut Valley: A. B. Beaumont 279 



Scientific BooTcs: 



Development and Activities of the Roots of 

 Crop Plants: Professor Burton E; Liv- 

 ingston 283 



Special Articles: 



Algal Statistics gleaned from the Gizzard 

 Shad: Dr. L. H. Tiffany. The Sex 

 Chromosomes of the Monkey : De. Theophi- 

 LUS S. Painter. A Simple Gas Generator 

 for Laboratory Use: Arthur P. Harrison 285 



The Ohio Academy of Science: Professor 

 Edward L. Eice 288 



COMMON AIMS OF CULTURE AND 

 RESEARCH IN THE UNIVERSITYi 



By definition universities aim to compass the 

 whole range of knowledge. In practical opera- 

 tion they are characterized rather more by- 

 diversity than by unity of effort. It is in the 

 nature of things that bodies so constituted 

 should attempt to express the various phases 

 of thought represented through many kinds of 

 organization, and we expect to see philological, 

 chemical, biological and other types of clubs or 

 societies forming a normal part of the ma- 

 chinery of every great educational institution. 

 According to the particular interests of the 

 moment these agencies within the walls group 

 themselves in different ways to accomplish spe- 

 eiific kinds of service. 



The most interesting of all organizations 

 peculiar to the university are the two widely 

 inclusive societies representing scholarship or 

 culture in Phi Beta Kappa and research and 

 science in Sigma Xi. These two bodies ex- 

 press in their aims nearly the whole range of 

 higher purposes of academic effort. It has 

 seemed to me that a study of their interrela- 

 tions, extending to a redefinition of their com- 

 mon objects, might help to set forth that con- 

 tinuously needful statement and restatement of 

 the reason for existence of institutions of 

 higher learning. Inclination to consider the 

 purposes of these societies has been particu- 

 larly strong as the course of my life has car- 

 ried me into contact with research and educa- 

 tion in such a manner as to bring into close 

 relation, and yet into striking contrast, the 

 types of academic mind which we call scien- 

 tific and humanistic. Having seen these inter- 

 ests so frequentljr defined with special refer- 

 ence to their separateness the desire has grown 



1 Presented as the annual address before Phi 

 Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi, University of Penn- 

 sylvania, June 13, 1921. 



