454 



SCIENCE 



[Vol. LVI, No. 1451 



dye in sample of erytlarosine, based upon the 

 gravimetric determination of the color acid, which 

 is shown to have relatively excellent accuracy. 

 The results obtained confirm the conclusion of 

 Gomberg and Tabern that the dried dye contains 

 a molecule of water of concentration. In the 

 absence of interfering substances the consump- 

 tion of acid involved in the precipitation of the 

 color acid is determined by the dye and soda ash 

 present and , may be utilized as a convenient 

 means of estimating the latter. A further inves- 

 tigation is being undertaken to determine the 

 applicability of the methods to other dyes of the 

 Eosine group and to afford evidence regarding 

 tlieir constitution. 



The dangers of the titanium chloride method 

 for determining the strength of dyes: Edward H. 

 Gamble and Eobert E. Rose. The quantitative 

 method, as described by Knecht for the estima- 

 tion of the quantity of dyestuff in a sample by 

 means of titanous chloride, is one which is very 

 valuable ; however, it must be used with great 

 discretion and a full understanding of the mate- 

 rial being tested. The method is sensitive to 

 changes in chemical composition which are not 

 accompanied by corresponding changes in tinc- 

 torial value and, therefore, may be extremely 

 misleading. 



Laundering of textiles: A. E. Shupp. (1) 

 Gross volume of business transacted; persons em- 

 ployed by; annual payroll. (2) Development of 

 standard formulas for laundering cotton, linen, 

 wool, silk and artificial silk fibers. (3) Effect of 

 repeated laundering on cotton goods. (4) Dis- 

 cussion of the proper method for the use of low 

 titer and high titer soarps. (5) Samples of tex- 

 tiles that have been improperly laundered. (6) 

 Samples of textiles that have been poorly con- 

 structed. (7) American Institute of Laundering. 

 Dyeing as an art : J. Merritt Matthews. Dye- 

 stuffs and methods of dyeing have long been em- 

 ployed by many nations as a means of art expres- 

 sion, principally for the production of decorative 

 effects on wearing apparel. The early eastern 

 nations, such as the Indian, Chinese and Javanese, 

 were especially prominent in this line of art work, 

 although we also find a somewhat similar devel- 

 opment of this form of art among the early Ineas 

 of Peru. Tlie early nations, in contradistinction 

 to our own of the present day, nearly always in- 

 corporated their art work in the actual utilities 

 of their everyday life, and as their clothes were 

 the nearest thing to them, they employed their 

 art in the decoration of the fabrics used for their 



wearing apparel. We are more inclined to make 

 our art work distinct in itself and with little or 

 no connection with the things we use and wear. 

 To us an art object is generally something that 

 is set aside or put in a museum or cabinet, or 

 hung on the wall, and must not be desecrated by 

 using it or wearing it. 



The tinting of white papers: W. C. Holmes. 

 Eor the tinting of newsprint stock and of white 

 papers of the lower grades the basic dyes are ex- 

 ceptionally well adapted. The acid dyes are well 

 qualified to serve the requirements of medium 

 grade -paper. In the tinting of white papers of 

 the best quality it is necessary to resort to colors 

 of the pigment type. The ultramarines, indan- 

 threne dyes and the recently developed phospho- 

 tungstio lake products are employed, of which 

 classes of colors each affords relative advantages 

 in various essential respects. In the latter field 

 none of the tinting materials available at present 

 can be considered entirely satisfactory and it 

 would appear probable that products of superior 

 general excellence could be developed in other 

 pigment tj'pes, of which the dyes derived from 

 the anilids of beta-hydroxy-naphthoic acid are 

 suggested as one of the more promising fields for 

 investigation. 



The relative stability of paper colors to lileach: 

 W. C. Holmes. Eighty representative paper 

 colors are classified in respect to , their relative 

 susceptibility to calcium hypochlorite as deter- 

 mined by laboratory dyeing tests in which the 

 essential conditions of beater operation were 

 duplicated. In general the superior stability of 

 pigment colors to photochemical attack finds an 

 analogy in a corresponding stability to bleach, 

 but little or no agreement is found between the 

 relative susceptibility of the soluble dyes to the 

 action of light and of bleach. From the point of 

 view of coloring considerations it is preferable to 

 eliminate residual bleach from the stock by wash- 

 ing rather than by the employment of anti-chlors. 

 Use of hichromates in wool dyeing (as mor- 

 dants) : WiNTHEOP C. Duefee. Bichromates early 

 used as mordants on wool when dyewoods bene- 

 fited by oxidation were priacipal dyestuff. Oxida- 

 tion is not usually beneficial to synthetic mordant 

 dyes: is generally injurious. Synthetic mordant 

 dyes as organic acids require suitable basic mor- 

 dants. Bichromates furnish chromic acid pecu- 

 liarly suited for absorption into wool fiber and 

 conversion into basic chromes. Basic chrome 

 should be combined in fiber with weak organic 



