662 



SCIENCE 



[Vol. LVI, No. 1458 



toon wi'th the survey, goveffnors of the staite 

 were of the party wttnich was in power when it 

 was inaugurated throTiglh ithe interesit a.nd iaitia-. 

 tion of Presidenrt Hayes, himself twice governor 

 duning 'those years. 



Nor is there any evidence to sihow an at- 

 titude of personal unfriendliness towiaa-ds Dr. 

 Newberry or the sui-vey on the part of the two 

 goverhoi's belonging to the other politdeal fac- 

 tion, each of whom served one term. 



The plain itrulth seems to he 'thait for the 

 diisoontinuanee of appropriations for the sup- 

 port of the survey under his admimsitration and 

 for the final ending of it by legislative enact- 

 ment in 1882, Dr. Newberry, himself, was large- 

 ly if mot entirely responsible, thoug'h the finan- 

 cial crisis (through which the whole counifcry 

 was passing during the early 70's doubtless 

 had much to do wtith "the limitations put upon 

 its opei'ations. 



The people of Ohio had (been led to believe 

 that the economic and espeeiaUy the mineral 

 resources of the state would be developed by 

 the sui"vey and it is mot sunijrising that there 

 was impatience when aftor the lapse of ten 

 or fifteen years nothing of great value on tlhis 

 phase of the work had appeared. 



Instead there had ibeen published elaborate 

 reports upon paleontology, involving large ex- 

 pense for beautiful (and valuable) plate illus- 

 trations, the cost of which for a single volume 

 being as much as $34,000. 



After three years ithe legislature modified the 

 organization by creaiting a geological board 

 csonsisting of the governor, school commissioner 

 and the state treasurer, whidh was charged with 

 the general supervision of the survey, though 

 this 'bad, appaa-ently, little effect upon the pro- 

 gram of its operations. 



Volume 4 of tlhe series of reports was pub- 

 lished in 1882, thSi-iteen years after the begin- 

 ning of the work amd was devoted entirely to 

 vertebrate zoology. 



In the meantime Dr. Orton, who had been 

 one of Newberry's principal assistants, had 

 been especially interested in 'the economic and 

 mineral resources of the sitafce, the extent of 

 which was hardly realized at that time, and 

 material for Volume 5 had been gathered. In 

 April 1882 the legiislature made an appi-opria- 

 tdon for the cost of pubMsliing this volume 



and at the same time announced that "upon 

 the publication of said Volume 5 the Greological 

 Survey of Ohio is hereby declared to be com- 

 pleted." 



It was also provided in the same Act that the 

 publication of this volume should be in chai"ge 

 of a geolo,gist to be appointed by the governor. 



The governor, the Hon. Charles Poster, 

 pi'omptly appointed Dr. Orton, who had recent- 

 ly resigned the presidency of the Ohio State 

 University, which he had held from its or- 

 ganization in 1873, in order to devote his entire 

 time to the professorslidp of geology in that 

 institution. 



In 1884 Volume 5 was published, being de- 

 voted almost entirely to coal. It has always 

 ibeen the most sought after publication of the 

 survey and the reaction ito its appearance was 

 a pi-ovision by the legislature "to extend and 

 complete the account of the economic geology 

 of the state that was begun in Volume 5." In 

 1888 Dr. Orton published a volume on petro- 

 leum and natural gas which has been esteemed 

 as equal in value to Volume 5. 



The survey became and has continued to be 

 popular with the people of the sitate and it 

 has ever since been "a going concern." On 

 the death of Dr. Orton in 1899 he was suc- 

 ceeded by his son, Edward Orton, Jr., whose 

 development of the ceramic interests and meth- 

 ods of the state were of nation- wide impoi-tance. 

 Desiring to devote most of his time to this 

 special field he resigned in 1906 amd was suc- 

 ceeded by the present incumbent, Professor 

 J. A. Bownocker who had served as assistant 

 geologist for several years, and who also fills 

 a chair of geology in the state university. 



It is true that the fact of Dr. NewbeiTy's 

 absence during a lai-ge part of each year, 

 especially during the winter w'hen the legisla- 

 ture was in session, had a good deal to do with 

 the dissatisfaction which developed a few year's 

 after his work began. Although bom in Con- 

 necticut he was, at the age of two yeai-s, 

 biiought to Ohio by his parents and the staite 

 in which he grew up and was educated always 

 regarded 'him as one of her illus'trious sons. 



He was a paleontologist rathea- 'tlian a geolo- 

 gist but if he had 'been tactful enough to place 

 the emphasis of 'the earlier yeara of the survey 

 upon those p'hases of it in which the people 



