SCIENCE 



Friday, ISTovembeb 14, 1919 



CONTENTS 



Industrial Besearch in Small Establishments: 



; MoKRis E. Leeds 445 



^The Naturalist's Place in his Community: 

 W. E. Allen 448 



Charles Conrad Abbott and Ernest Volh: Pro- 

 fessor G. Frederick Wright 451 



Scientific Events: — 



International Science and the War; The 

 League of Bed Cross Societies; The Tariff 

 on Scientific Apparatus; The New York 

 Botanical Garden; Gift to the Bocke feller 

 Institute for Medical Besearch 453 



Scientific Notes and News 456 



University and Educational News 458 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



Substitutes for the Words Homozygous and 

 Heterozygous : Dr. Frank J. Kelley. Some 



. Port Hudson Outcrops in Louisiana: The 

 Late F. V. Emerson 458 



The Becompense of Scientific Workers .... 460 



Special Articles: — 



A Method of Assigning Weights to Original 

 Observations : Dr. LeEoy D. Weld 461 



The American Chemical Society: Dr. Charles 

 L. Parsons 464 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended for 

 review should be sent to The Editor of Science, Garrison-on- 

 Hudson, N. Y. 



INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH IN SMALL 

 ESTABLISHMENTS 



In the pa^ few years, and particularly dur- 

 ing the war, research in connection with in- 

 dustry has had much consideration. Most of 

 our large technical societies have devoted^ses- 

 sions to its discussion and have listened to ad- 

 mirable papers on the subject. I hope not to 

 retraverse the ground thus covered. In this 

 audience the vital importance of research to 

 our technical industries would not need argu- 

 ing even if it had not been amply argued. In 

 these discussions research has been considered 

 as something to be carried on in large well-or- 

 ganized laboratories, and for that reason pos- 

 sible only for large companies, for associated 

 companies managing a cooperative laboratory 

 or for government laboratories and the like. I 

 believe that this way of thinking of research 

 unnecessarily restricts it, and that differently 

 conceived its usefulness to small as well as 

 large establishments would become evident and 

 might result in its large extension. 



The various activities covered by such titles 

 as " Research, Development and Technical 

 Control" are those which should be assumed 

 by a research department in a small business. 

 In order to avoid a cumbersome name for 

 such a department, I want to make a plea for a 

 definition of technical research which some of 

 you may think degrading. Doubtless you are 

 accustomed to thinking of research as an ad- 

 venture into the realms of the absolutely un- 

 known. A department capable of research in 

 this sense will only be possible in a small busi- 

 ness when that business happens to have in it 

 a real scientist. But every technical business 

 (and what -manufacturing business is not 

 technical?) is continually confronted with the 

 need of more information than is possessed by 

 its regular stafP in regard to processes, char- 

 acteristics of materials, etc., and if it is to de- 

 velop realizes that it must find new fields for 



