128 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. IX. No. 213. 



spond to the five constituents, the five essen- 

 tials, and the five variables, number by 

 number. 



V. Thus far the order of the series seems 

 tolerably clear, but from this point on there 

 may be room for difference. We will re- 

 gard as tbe nest and fifth series what he 

 calls particles, and, without apologizing for 

 the word, proceed to enumerate them as 

 follows : (1) ethereal; (2) stellar; (3) ter- 

 restrial (geonomic); (4) vegetal ; (5) ani- 

 mal. 



VI. He has also a series of what he calls 

 natural bodies, which are not precisely par- 

 allel with the series of particles. These are : 

 (1) celestial ; (2) terrestrial; (3) vegetal; 

 (4) animal ; (5) social. The first term here 

 corresponds to the second in the last series, 

 and so on through to the last term, which is 

 not represented in series V. 



VII. To the five particles (series V) 

 there are five corresponding states, as fol- 

 lows : (1) ethereal ; (2) fluid ; (3) solid ; 

 (4) vital; (5) motile. 



VIII. Several series could probably be 

 worked out, representing principles inher- 

 ing in ethereal, stellar and terrestrial par- 

 ticles, but to find clear statements of them 

 in the book would be a difficult task. The 

 author was anxious to reach the higher, 

 psychological aspects of the subject, and 

 hastened to deal with animal particles. In 

 these he finds five processes, or operations, 

 which he calls animal principles. These are: 

 (1) metabolism ; (2) reconstruction ; (3) 

 motility ; (4) reproduction ; (5) conception. 



IX. These might have been called func- 

 tions, and for cai-rying them on there are 

 five corresponding systems of organs, as fol- 

 lows : (1) digestive; (2) circulatory; (3) 

 motor; (4j generative ; (5) cogitative (not 

 his word). 



X. Adhering to the psychic elements, 

 the five senses maj'' be next considered. 

 These vary slightly from the traditional five 

 senses in very properly grouping taste and 



smell together as one and recognizing the 

 muscular sense: (1) taste and smell ; (2) 

 touch; (3) the muscular sense ; (4) hear- 

 ing ; (5) sight. 



XI. Parallel to these are the five modes of 

 appeal to the senses, the senses representing 

 subjective states, modes of appeal objective 

 properties: (1) savors; (2) odors; (3) 

 pressures; (4) sounds ; (5) colors. 



XII. Major Powell distinguishes between 

 sensations and feelings. The former term 

 he confines to the subjective states residing 

 in the end organs of sense (of course re- 

 ferred to the brain), while the other he re- 

 stricts to internal states, such as most psy- 

 chologists recognize as emotional states in 

 a broad sense. Without stopping to show 

 that such a classification is illogical, we 

 may enumerate here what he calls feeling 

 impressions, of which there are, of course, ex- 

 actly five. Expressed adjectively, they are: 



(1) metabolic; (2) circulator}'; (3) mo- 

 tor; (4) reproductive ; (5) cognitional. The 

 reader cannot fail to note the close resem- 

 blance of these terms to those describing the 

 five systems of animal organs. 



XIII. The twelve series of principles 

 thus far enumerated, though falling far 

 short of the whole number that a closer 

 analj'sis of the book would probably reveal, 

 only bring us up abreast of the subject of 

 mind in its intellectual manifestation, i. e., 

 intellection. The first series to be consid- 

 ered here is that of the faculties. Of these 

 there are also five, viz.: (1) sensation; 



(2) perception; (3) apprehension; (4) re- 

 flection ; (5) ideation. 



XIV. Each faculty probably has five ele- 

 ments or factors, but only three of them 

 seem to be treated from this point of view. 

 In harmony with the fifth and last primary 

 constituent of matter, judgment, all opera- 

 tions of the mind, including sensations, are 

 judgments, and the five elements of a judg- 

 ment of sensation are : (1) choice of a past 

 concept; (2) the consciousness of this 



