January 'J7, 1«99.] 



SCIENCE. 



129 



choice; (3) the choice of another concept '. 

 (4) a consciousness of this; (5) the com- 

 parison of the one with the other. 



XV. The five elements of a judgment oj per- 

 ception, which he saj's are the same as for 

 apprehension, are these : (1) conscious- 

 ness of a concept ; (2) choice or recollection 

 of another concept ; (3) consciousness of 

 the second concept ; (4) comparison of the 

 two concepts ; (5) the final judgment. 



XVI. In addition to these there are 

 enumerated the five elements of a judgment 

 proper (for he does not always use the word 

 judgment in the same sense). They are : 



(1) consciousness of a sense impression; 



(2) desire to know its cause ; (3) guess or 

 choice as to its cause, reviving the con- 

 sciousness of the concept of the object 

 chosen; (4) comparison of this second con- 

 sciousness with the first; (5) judgment of 

 the likeness or unlikeness of the terms com- 

 pared. 



Sixteen cosmic series have now been 

 enumerated, each consisting of five princi- 

 ples expressed by five terms or phrases, the 

 whole forming a kind of diapason rising 

 from the primary constituents of matter 

 and culminating in an act of mind, or in- 

 tellection. These sixteen series may now 

 for clearer comprehension, be re-enumerated 

 without the pentalogic terms : 



1. Constituents of matter. 



2. Essentials or manifestations (absolute). 



3. Variables (relative). 



4. Categories. 



5. Particles. 



6. Natural bodies. 



7. States of the natural bodies. 



8. Animal principles. 



9. Systems of organs. 



10. Senses. 



11. Modes of appeal to the senses. 



12. Feeling impressions. 

 13 Faculties. 



14. Elements of a judgment of sensation. 



15. " " " " perception. 



16. " " " " intellection. 



As already remarked, there are many in- 



terrelations among the series, and it may 

 be next inquired what are some of the most 

 important of these. All after the first are 

 connected in one way or another with that 

 as the basis of the entire system, but the 

 exact hierarchical dependence of the several 

 series is not worked out. The constituents 

 of mattei' — number, space, motion, time, and 

 judgment — all belong to everything and are 

 always concomitant in the sense that noth- 

 ing can lack any of them and have exist- 

 ence. [This is many times repeated, and 

 yet there are passages, as near the bottom 

 of page 13, from which it may be inferred 

 that judgment only inheres in animate 

 bodies.] The essentials, however — unity, 

 extension, speed, persistence, and conscious- 

 ness — are simply the manifestations of 

 things and constitute the substrates of the 

 next series, viz., the variables — plurality, 

 position, path, change and choice. That 

 is, unity is the substrate of plurality, exten- 

 sion is the substrate of position, and so on 

 through the series. 



The categories, or classific properties — 

 kinds, forms, forces, causations, and con- 

 cepts — also correspond, term for term, with 

 the constituents, and several attempts are 

 made to show their interrelations with the 

 other series, but these can best be discussed 

 a little later. The five species of particles — 

 ethereal, stellar, terrestrial, vegetal and ani- 

 mal — are arranged in an ascending series, 

 such that each term after the first contains 

 all that is contained in the preceding term 

 and something in addition, a differentia of its 

 own. This differentia in every case is re- 

 lated to the corresponding term of the pri- 

 mary series, i. e., the constituents. Par- 

 ticles are organized, and each class is more 

 highly organized than the preceding class 

 in that the next higher constituent is em- 

 braced in the organization. In ethereal 

 particles, which, he says, are probably ulti- 

 mate, numbers alone are organized. In 

 the stars numbers and spaces are organized. 



