Fekeuaky 17, 1899.] 



SCIENCE. 



249 



not above 15 or IS per cent, of antimony. 

 An alloy employed for metallic packing 

 contains Pb. SO ; Sn. 12 ; Sb. S. 



(7) The copper-lead-antimony alloy 

 should not contain above 10 per cent, cop- 

 per. One tested alloy of good character is 

 Cu. 10 ; Sb. 25 ; Pb. 65. It has been used 

 successfully on railway axles. 



(8) The copper-tin-lead alloys are the 

 usual bronzes of anti-friction metal makers. 

 The lead is probably a necessary constituent 

 for highest efficiency. They contain from 

 75 to 90 per cent, copper ; S to 12.5 per cent, 

 tin, and to 15 per cent. lead. Fluxing with 

 arsenic or phosphorus is usually advanta- 

 geous, the amount found in such alloy aver- 

 aging about O.S per cent. 



R. H. T. 



ANNUAL MEETING OP THE A3IEBICAN PSY- 

 CHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. 



The American Psychological Association 

 held its seventh annual meeting at Colum- 

 bia University, New York City, on Decem- 

 ber 28-30, 1898. Over iifty members were 

 in attendance at the various sessions, this 

 being the largest number at any meeting 

 since the organization of the Association. 



Owing to the number offered, the sessions 

 were entirely given up to the reading and 

 discussion of papers, but the members were 

 present at the discussion before the Ameri- 

 can Society of Naturalists in 'Advances in 

 Methods of Teaching,' being represented iu 

 the discussion by the President of the As- 

 sociation, Professor Miiusterberg. Many of 

 the members also attended the reception 

 given by Professor and Mrs. Henry F. Os- 

 born to the Affiliated Societies on "Wednes- 

 day evening, and were present at the dinner 

 of the Societies at the Hotel Savoy on 

 Thursday evening. At the business meet- 

 ing Professor John Dewey, of the Univer- 

 sity of Chicago, was elected President for 

 the ensuing year ; Dr. Livingston Farrand, 

 of Columbia University, Secretary and 



Treasurer; and Professors J. McK. Cattell, 

 of Columbia University, and H. N. Gardi- 

 ner, of Smith College, members of the 

 Council. 



Besides other business transacted, there 

 was appointed, on motion of Professor J. 

 M. Baldwin, a Standing Committee of Psy- 

 chological and Philosophical Terminology, 

 consisting of Professors Miinsterberg, Cat- 

 tell, Sanford, Creighton, Eoyce, Minot and 

 Baldwin. The duties of this committee are 

 to recommend from time to time new terms 

 and choice of alternative terms in psychol- 

 ogy and philosophy ; to recommend foreign 

 equivalents for translation both into Eng- 

 lish and into foreign languages, and to keep 

 the Association informed as to the gi'owth 

 of terminology in other departments, espe- 

 cially in neurology. 



Professor J. McK. Cattell, Chairman of 

 the Committee on Physical and Mental 

 Tests, reported on the work of the Com- 

 mittee during the year and described the 

 progress in this field in the different labora- 

 tories. 



Professor Miinsterberg, who presided at 

 the meeting read his presidential address 

 on Wednesday afternoon, taking as his sub- 

 ject 'Psychology and History.' Professor 

 Miinsterberg argued that the psychological 

 and historical views of human life are 

 necessarily iu conflict ; for the one the per- 

 sonality is a complex of elements and caus- 

 ally determined ; for the other it is a unity 

 and free. He held that claims of recent 

 writers that psychology and history are two 

 coordinated ways of dealing with the same 

 problem are untenable ; that the difference 

 between the two is not methodological, but 

 • ontological. The materials are different. 

 The material of psychology consists of ob- 

 jects which as such can be described and 

 explained ; the material of history consists 

 of subjective will acts which can merely be 

 interpreted and appreciated. Our interest 

 in the two is different. The investigation 



