Februaky 24, 1899.] 



SCIENCE. 



295 



7. The Potamogeton Association. Plants 

 reachiDg nearly or quite to the surface, with 

 long interuodes and variously shaped leaves 

 rooting in the mud and growing in water from 

 one to ten feet deep. 



8. The Nelumbo Association. Plants root- 

 ing the bottom and having floating or both 

 floating and aerial leaves. 



Two or more of these associations often oc- 

 cupy portions of the same area, but the plants 

 of each association differ in their habits /and 

 usually remain distinct from those of other as- 

 sociations ; not infrequently new combinations 

 arise, the species of any association not always 

 remaining where it is commonly found. This 

 arrangement, however, expresses in the main 

 the grouping of the plants as found in the 

 waters and swamps of western Lake Erie. 



Mr. O. L. Pollard exhibited specimens of two 

 proposed new species of Viola. One of these 

 is from Vermont and is related to V. hlanda 

 Willd. ; it is conspicuous, however, for its large 

 flowers, robust habit and unusually-developed 

 rootstock. The other plant comes from south- 

 ern California and belongs to the Chrysanthas ; 

 it has very glaucous foliage and flowers half 

 the size of V. Douglasii, its nearest congener. 



The Club devoted the remainder of the even- 

 ing to a general discussion on certain questions 

 related to ecology. 



Charles Louis Pollard, 



Secretary. 



TOREEY BOTANICAL CLUB — ANNUAL MEETING, 

 JANUARY 10. 



Nineteen new members were elected, and 

 the previous board of officers, including, as 

 President, Hon. Addison Brown ; Treasurer, 

 Maturin L. Delafield, Jr. ; Recording Secretary, 

 Edward S. Burgess ; Editor, Lucien M. Under- 

 wood. Annual reports were presented, that of 

 the Treasurer indicating a cash balance in 

 hand. 



The Recording Secretary, Professor Burgess, 

 reported an average attendance of 39 at the 15 

 meetings held during the year, one death, a 

 present active membership of 193, correspond- 

 ing membership 140, honorary membership 3, 

 total 336. The 27 scientific papers presented 

 include 20 authors, among these non-resident 



being Dr. Radlkofer, of Vienna, and Casimir De 

 Candolle. About 20 new species have been de- 

 scribed. Among the papers 6 were on taxo- 

 nomicand other subjects relating to cryptogams, 

 2 on the nucleus, 2 were accompanied by lan- 

 tern-views, and 2 by exhibits of photographs ; 

 6 were followed by symposia for which general 

 discussions had been prepared. Brief reports 

 of collections and of botanical progress num- 

 bered 42. Two collations had marked the 

 year's history, one tendered to the Club on 

 March 8th, by the Teachers' College, and one 

 tendered by the Club to visiting botanists, 

 especially to members of the Society of Plant 

 Morphology, at Columbia Univers ty, Decem- 

 ber 29th. 



The editor, Professor Underwood, reported 

 the regular monthly issue of the Bulletin, in- 

 cluding 640 pages and 29 plates, with a bal- 

 ance to the credit of the Bulletin. Slight 

 changes in the Bulletin include the introduction 

 of author and subject head-lines, the arrange- 

 ment of matter to begin each new article with 

 a new page, and the use of improved plates. 

 By discontinuing book reviews and miscellan- 

 eous notes more space has been gained for 

 articles of research. The number of pages is 

 itself 50 in excess of those of the preceding 

 year. New numbers of the Memoirs are in 

 preparation. A series of complete volumes of 

 the Bulletin has been filed ready for sale, and 

 surplus numbers inventoried and separated to 

 supply the demand for single copies. An en- 

 dowment fund is greatly desired, by which 

 secure provision may be made for prompt pub- 

 lication and superior illustration of American 

 botanical researches. 



The report of the Field Committee, through 

 its Chairman, Mr. W. A. Bastedo, enumerated 

 36 field meetings, all held in cooperation with 

 the Brooklyn Institute ; 3 of these were 3-day 

 excursions in cooperation with the Philadelphia 

 botanists, viz., at Decoration Day to Point 

 Pleasant, N. J., at the Fourth of July to 

 Stroudsburg, Pa., and at Labor Day to Whit- 

 ing's, N. J. 



In behalf of the Committee on Local Phanero- 

 gamic Flora, Dr. Britton referred to the work 

 hitherto accomplished, as represented in Dr. 

 Torrey's catalogue of 1819, and the two pre- 



