April?, 1899. 



SCIENCE. 



503 



reported to the Academy of Sciences, ia 

 Pi-agiie, the results of the investigations of 

 Black Sea, a small body of water in the 

 Bohemian forest, with reference to the dis- 

 tribution of animals according to the depth 

 of the water and their relation to the shore. 

 These investigation which were extended 

 to other lakes in the same year, are, I be- 

 lieve, the first at least to be recorded that 

 were carried out in this way. It was, how- 

 ever, in 1888 before Fritsch succeeded in ob- 

 taining funds for a small portable zoological 

 laboratorj' having some twelve square me- 

 ters of floor surface. The station remained 

 at its first location four years, and was re- 

 placed by a permanent structure when it 

 was removed to another locality. This 

 portable laboratory has been regularly 

 visited at brief intervals of time by the di- 

 rector and his associates in the three locali- 

 ties at which it has been situated during 

 the last ten years, and the contributions 

 from this work constitute most valuable 

 studies on the lacustrine biology of Bohemia. 



In Finland there exists the laboratory of 

 Esbo-L6f6,on one o^the small islands which, 

 though primarily a marine station, is so 

 favorably located with reference to bodies 

 of fresh water that it has devoted a consid- 

 erable portion of its energy to the investi- 

 gation of the fresh water fauna with valua- 

 ble results. This laboratory has been 

 maintained since 1895 under the direction 

 of Professor Levander. Its contributions 

 are published in the ' Acta Societatis pro 

 Fauna et Flora Fennica.' One of its 

 workers, Dr. Stenroos, has for several years 

 individually visited Lake JSTurmijiirvi, one 

 of the small inland lakes with which Fin- - 

 land is so plentifully supplied, a body of 

 water, which though it is about two and five- 

 tenths kilometers in length by one in width, 

 has a maximum depth of only one meter ; 

 he has given us a very complete faunistic 

 and biologic study of its life. 



Russia has recently established a station 



on Glubokoe Osero, or Deep Lake, iu the 

 Province of Moscow, under the patronage 

 of the Imperial Russian Society for Fish 

 Culture. The station is under the direction 

 of Professor Zograf, of Moscow University, 

 whose contributions to lacustrine investi- 

 gation, have been made known especially in 

 a paper on the lake regions of Russia from 

 the biologic standpoint, which was read 

 before the International Zoological Congress 

 in 1893. I infer that the station is a per- 

 manent one, though probably of technical 

 character, although precise information on 

 these points has not been obtained. Hun- 

 gary has maintained for some years a lacus- 

 trine station on Lake Balaton, one of the 

 largest fresh-water bodies of Europe, hav- 

 ing an area of over 266 square miles, though 

 its maximum depth appears to be only 11 

 meters ; it is surrounded by enormous 

 marshy areas which give thus varied con- 

 ditions for the development of life. Several 

 parts of the report on these investigations 

 have already been published. In France 

 there exists a lacustrine laboratory near' 

 Clermont-Ferrand, which seems to have 

 been organized in 1893 ; no reports or con- 

 tributions from the station are recorded in 

 the bibliographical records. At Paris, Drs. 

 Richard and de Guerne have investigated 

 collections from a large number of lakes 

 not only in France and neighboring coun- 

 tries, but even from Algeria, Syria, the 

 Azores and other points, and have pub- 

 lished valuable contributions on the distri- 

 bution of fresh-water Crustacea, as well as 

 systematic monographs of various groups. 

 In Germany all tj'pes of stations are 

 represented, as might be expected, from the 

 importance of scientific study in that na- 

 tion. Individual investigators, not a few, 

 have examined various lakes or lake re- 

 gions, most prominent among them being 

 undoubtedly Apstein, whose studies on 

 Holstein lakes have extended over many 

 years, and whose work on fresh-water plank- 



