April 7, 1899.] 



SCIENCE, 



505 



the biological laboratory of the Chautauqua 

 College of Liberal Arts, on Lake Chautau- 

 qua. Others are both for teaching and for 

 investigation, while only a small number 

 are exclusively devoted to the investigation 

 of limnologic problems from one standpoint 

 or another. The University of Minnesota 

 has maintained at Gull Lake, near the cen- 

 ter of the State, a laboratory for summer 

 work by members of the University, and for 

 the prosecution of the natural history sur- 

 vey of the State under the direction of 

 Professor Nachtrieb, of the University. The 

 State University of Ohio has conducted, 

 since 1896, a lake laboratory near Sandusky, 

 on Lake Erie. It occupies one of the State 

 fish hatcheries, and is supplied with the 

 necessary apparatus by joint action of the 

 University and State Fish Commission. 

 Its purpose is to afford a convenient point 

 of work for the members of the University, 

 and also to aid in the prosecution of the 

 State Biological Survey, which is being car- 

 ried on by the Ohio Academy of Sciences. 

 The immense stretches of shallow water, 

 marshy regions, and protected areas, to- 

 gether with the varied character of shore 

 and the open lake within, easy reaching dis- 

 tance, serve to make Sandusky perhaps the 

 most favorable place on Lake Erie for the 

 study of the fresh-water fauna and flora. 

 The station was closed a year ago, owing to 

 the death of the Director, Professor Kelli- 

 cott. 



In 1895 the University of Indiana opened 

 a Biological Station on the shore of Turkey 

 Lake in the northern part of the State, un- 

 der the direction of Professor Eigenmann of 

 the University ; a constantly increasing 

 number of students has visited the station 

 each summer. The majority of them have 

 been teachers of the State engaged in the 

 prosecution of work to equip them for their 

 teaching, but others have also assisted in 

 carrying out a general survey of the lake 

 fauna and in the collection of material to 



illustrate annual variation and associated 

 problems. For comparison, collections have 

 been made from adjacent lakes connected 

 with other water basins. In the coming 

 year the station is to be moved to the shores 

 of Winona Lake, some IS miles from the 

 present location, where two building are to 

 be constructed for its use by the Winona 

 Assembly. The conti-ibutions from the 

 laboratory have been published in the Pro- 

 ceedings of the Indiana Academy. 



For a number of years the Michigan Fish 

 Commission maintained a force of a few 

 scientific investigators and assistants in con- 

 ducting a biological examination of the in- 

 land lakes of the State, under the direction 

 of Professor Reighard of the University of 

 Michigan. In 1893 it was determined to 

 transfer the seat of operations from inland 

 waters to one of the Great Lakes, and by 

 virtue, both of its convenient location and 

 of its importance as a famous spawning 

 ground of the lake fish, which had, how- 

 ever, almost ceased to visit it. Lake St. Clair 

 was decided upon as the locality for the 

 first year and the laboratory was located on 

 a small bay at the northwest shore of the 

 lake. The party consisted of half a dozen 

 scientific workers whose attention was ex- 

 clusively devoted each to his particular 

 field, and the results of the survey were 

 published in bulletins of the Michigan Fish 

 Commission. In 1894 the station was moved 

 to Charlevoix, a famous fishing region on 

 the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, and, 

 owing to the absence of Professor Reighard, 

 in Europe, I was requested to take charge 

 of the work. The scientific force and the 

 methods of work were similar to those of 

 the preceding year, but the location brought 

 us in contact, not only with shallow waters, 

 but also with the deeper regions of Lake 

 Michigan, and the party made investiga- 

 tions and collections of a precise character 

 in the deepest fresh water which has as yet 

 been investigated by such methods. The 



