ArKiL 14, 1899.] 



SCIENCE. 



533 



Among these are the results of archseo- 

 logical work in the interior of British Co- 

 lumbia, by Harlan I. Smith ; a description 

 of the Thompson Eiver Indians, by James 

 Teit ; and a discussion of conventional art 

 among the Salish tribes, by Livingston 

 Farrand. 



The field-work of the expedition during 

 1898 was in the hands of Dr. Livingston 

 Farrand and Mr. Roland B. Dixon, in the 

 State of Washington and in southern British 

 Columbia. The archteological work in Brit- 

 ish Columbia has been carried on by Mr. 

 Harlan I. Smith. Investigations on the 

 Indians of the southern interior of British 

 Columbia were continued by Mr. James 

 Teit. The ethnological work on the Amoor 

 Eiver, more particularly among the Gilyak, 

 was carried on by Dr. Berthold Laufer, and 

 archseological investigations in the same 

 region were in the hands of Mr. Gerard 

 Fowke. Following is a statement of the 

 outline of the work of these parties, so far 

 as available at the present time. 



THE INDIANS OF WESTERN WASHINGTON. 



In the plan of operations of the expedi- 

 tion along the northwest coast of the conti- 

 nent there was included from the beginning 

 such research as might be needed to fill in 

 certain gaps in our knowledge of the Indian 

 tribes, from Vancouver as far south as the 

 mouth of the Columbia River. The work of 

 Gibbs, Boas, Eells, AVilloughby and others 

 had determined with considerable certainty 

 the afQliations of the many tribes of this 

 region, and in certain instances fairly com- 

 plete information had been obtained regard- 

 ing their customs, language, mythology, etc. 

 There remained, however, a district on the 

 west coast of Washington, from Cape Flat- 

 tery to Grey's Harbor, of which little was 

 known, and which promised valuable results 

 upon investigation. It was consequently 

 upon this region that the efforts of the ex- 

 pedition in Washington during the summer 



of 1898 were concentrated, the work being 

 intrusted to Mr. R. B. Dixon, of Harvard 

 University, and the writer. 



The stretch of coast-line mentioned is 

 about one hundred miles in length, and in- 

 habited only at a few points, where the In- 

 dians have formed villages at the mouths of 

 streams. South of Cape Flatter^', which 

 with its immediate vicinity is included in 

 the Makah Reservation, the Indians of that 

 coast are of two tribes — the Quilleute and 

 the Quinault. The Quilleutes are the more 

 northerly, occupying two villages; the 

 larger, known as Lapush, at the mouth of 

 the Quilleute River, about thirty miles 

 south of Cape Flattery, contains all 

 the members of the tribe except a few 

 families who live at Hoh, a cluster of 

 houses some fifteen miles farther south. 

 South of Hoh the coast is uninhabited for 

 about fifteen miles, as far as Queets, the 

 more northerly of the Quinault villages, 

 which contains but a few individuals ; while 

 twelve miles farther down the coast, at the 

 mouth of the Quinault River, is the main 

 seat of the tribe, known by the whites 

 as Granville, which is a sub-agency of 

 the Indian Department, with a resident 

 agent and post- trader. The climate of this 

 region is mild throughout the year, but with 

 an extremely high rainfall from October to 

 June. Being freed from the hardships of 

 the severe winters of the interior, these coast 

 Indians find it a comparatively easy matter 

 to procure the necessaries of life at all sea- 

 sons. The waters teem with salmon and 

 other fish ; shell- fish are abundant and much 

 used ; seal are hunted in the late spring, 

 particularly by the Quilleutes, whose situa- 

 tion is more favorable for that purpose; and 

 in the woods, which extend down to the 

 beach at all points, deer, elk, black bear, 

 and many varieties of small game, are 

 abundant. The staple foods, however, of 

 both tribes mentioned, are salmon (which 

 are caught in great numbers with large nets, 



