534 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. IX. No. 224. 



dip-uets, and spears) and berries, gathered 

 at the proper seasons and dried. Of late 

 years, with the development of the salmon- 

 canning and hop-growing industries in the 

 regions about Puget Sound and the Fraser 

 River, the life of these Indians has under- 

 gone a decided modification, due to the an- 

 nual exodus of all able-bodied members of 

 the tribes to secure work in the canneries 

 and hop-fields. Employment is given to 

 women, and even to children, and in pros- 

 perous seasons very considerable sums are 

 earned by families, which money is, how- 

 ever, as a rule, promptlj^ and not wisely 

 spent at the nearest shop or trader's ; and 

 the Indians return to their homes in the 

 autumn with little to show for their three 

 or four months' labor except the experience, 

 largely social, which is, after all, probably 

 the great inducement which draws them to 

 the work. 



This absence of the Indians from their 

 villages was the greatest ol,)stacle to the 

 work of the expedition in these two tribes. 



Upon arriving at Lapush, about July 1st, 

 it was found that the Quilleutes had gone 

 in a body to the Fraser River for the fish- 

 eries, leaving behind a few men too ill to be 

 carried, and enough women to look after 

 their needs. Some days were spent in ob- 

 taining such linguistic information as was 

 possible with the scanty material to work 

 upon, and then, reports from the Quinaults 

 being more favorable, the expedition pro- 

 ceeded to Granville, where some thirty in- 

 dividuals were found, the remainder having 

 also gone to the Fraser River. The pros- 

 pects being better at this point, it was de- 

 cided to settle down and begin work. Meas- 

 urements, casts, and photographs were 

 obtained, as well as a mass of information 

 regarding the language, customs, traditions, 

 etc. , of the people. As it was desirable to 

 collect as large a series as possible of meas- 

 urements and casts, it was decided eai-ly in 

 August that Mr. Dixon should proceed to 



the Fraser River, and prosecute that work 

 as well as might be under the rather unfa- 

 vorable conditions presented. This he did 

 with entire success, obtaining a very valu- 

 able series of casts and measurements, as 

 well as notes on the languages of both the 

 Quilleutes and Quinaults, and later visited 

 the Lillooet Indians in British Columbia 

 before returning East. 



The writer remained at Granville for 

 some weeks longer, making i-esearches and 

 collecting ethnological material for the 

 American Museum of ISTatural History, and 

 about September 1st returned to Lapush to 

 meet certain of the Quilleutes who had re- 

 turned, and obtain further information re- 

 garding that tribe. The members of the expe- 

 dition returned to New York about Oct. 1st. 



Of the results of the summer's work, 

 aside from the collections made for the 

 Museum, may be mentioned as of particular 

 importance the casts, photographs, and 

 measurements for a systematic study of the 

 physical anthropology of the tribes ; the 

 linguistic material, which proves beyond 

 question the stock affiliations of both groups, 

 the Quilleutes being shown to be of Chema- 

 kum origin (the true Chemakum tribe, 

 which formerly had its seat near Port 

 Townsend, being now extinct), while the 

 Quinaults are of the extensive Salish stock 

 which occupies nearly all of the territory 

 about Puget Sound, and sends this offshoot 

 north along the coast. The traditions of 

 the tribes, of which full collections were 

 made, are extremely interesting, exhibiting 

 the characteristics of the traditions of the 

 northwest coast in general, and showing 

 particular affiliations with the immediately 

 adjoining tribes. A great many of the 

 stories are identical in every detail in the 

 two tribes, except for slight changes of name, 

 although the tribes are of totally distinct 

 stocks, and the language of each is unintel- 

 ligible to the other. The well-known myth 

 of the ' transformer ' is found well developed 



