664 



8GIENCK 



[N. S. Vol. IX. No. 227. 



grants from the Royal Society and the British 

 Association, and was fortunate enough to induce 

 Mr. J. E. S. Moore to undertake, in 1896, a 

 journey to Lake Tanganyika in order to collect 

 the fish, shell-fish, medusae and sponges which 

 occur in its waters. The result of Mr. Moore's 

 careful study of his collections (especially by 

 the examination of the internal anatomy of 

 the whelk-like shell-fish obtained) has been 

 to show that there is in Lake Tanganyika an 

 ordinary fresh-water lake fauna similar to that 

 of other lakes, but that side by side with this 

 there is a second fauna of marine character to 

 which Mr. Moore has given the name ' halo- 

 limnic ' (oceano- lacustrine). Not only this, 

 but Mr. Moore has shown that the mol- 

 luscs of the halolimnic fauna of Tangan- 

 yika have an extraordinary resemblance to 

 forms occurring in the fossil condition in the in- 

 ferior oolites of Europe. I have recently placed 

 in the northeast recess of the central hall of the 

 Natural History Museum in Cromwell-road a 

 case showing a series of these Tanganyika 

 shell-fish side by side with examples of the 

 oolitic shells with which they so closely agree. 

 Close to these are placed the fishes brought 

 home by Mr. Moore, of which 26 were new to 

 science. Mr. Moore, in his former visit to Tan- 

 ganyika, was not able to do more than 'scratch 

 round some 150 miles of the shallow coast line 

 of a lake over 350 miles in length ' (to use his 

 own words). Naturally one is led to believe 

 that a more thoroughly equipped expedition 

 with the use of a steamer on the lake (which 

 Mr. Moore had not the chance to obtain) would 

 yield results of proportionately increased im- 

 portance. It is not merely as adding new forms 

 to our collections that such an exploration is to 

 be desired. The great geological problems of 

 the history of this lake basin and its connec- 

 tion possibly with the Nile or a northward sea, 

 possibly with an ancient estuarine Congo, are 

 what stare us in the face. There are deposits 

 in the valley north of Tanganyika and in its 

 immediate vicinity which must be examined 

 and infallibly yield evidence on these subjects. 

 There are also the northward lakes of Kivu and 

 the Albert Edward Nyanza, the waters of which 

 have never been sampled for their living wit- 

 nesses of geological history. 



VNIVEBSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS. 



We announced last week that Mr. AstrakofF, 

 the Russian engineer, had left, under certain 

 conditions, 1,000,000 roubles for the foundation 

 of a university for women at Moscow. This 

 trust has been accepted by the Moscow munici- 

 pality and an annual subsidy of 3,000 roubles 

 has been voted. 



The medical library of the late D. Sigis- 

 mund Waterman, of New York, has been be- 

 queathed by him to Yale University. 



A FRIEND of Princeton University whose 

 name has not been disclosed has given $100,- 

 000 to establish a chair of politics. It is re- 

 ported that the chair is for ex-President Cleve- 

 land. 



Peofessoe H. p. Hutchins, Dean of the 

 Law Department of the University of Michigan, 

 has been elected President of the Iowa State 

 University. 



Dr. Henry L. Wheeler, instructor in or- 

 ganic chemistry in the Sheffield Scientific 

 School of Yale University, has been promoted 

 to an assistant professorship. 



At Colorado College Dr. Florian Cajori, for- 

 merly professor of physics, has been transferred 

 to be head of the department of mathematics, 

 and Dr. S. J. Barnett has been promoted to the 

 professorship of physics. \ 



Major Ross, known for his work on the 

 malarial parasite, has been elected lecturer in 

 the newly established School of Tropical Medi- 

 cine at Edinburgh. 



Dr. Oskar Doebnee has been promoted to a 

 full professorship of chemistry and pharmacy 

 in the University of Halle. Dr. Kunz-Krause, 

 of Lausanne, has been ajjpointed professor of 

 physics in the veterinary school at Dresden. 

 Dr. Beck von Managetta, of the University at 

 Vienna, has been made professor of botany in 

 the University at Prague. Dr. Sommer and 

 Dr. Cohen have qualified as docents in geometry 

 and physics respectively in the University of 

 Gottingen. Professor Heinrich Ritthausen, pro- 

 fessor of agricultural chemistrj' in the Univer-, 

 sity at Konigsberg, has retired. 



