684 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. IX. No. 228. 



the Beurasthenic and sea-sick, with whom emo- 

 tion is a desire of death rather than life. But 

 we do not think that these and other instances 

 (e. g., play, p. 281) interfere with the general 

 theory that the origin and development of nor- 

 mal emotion is by its life significance. He 

 identifies the voluntarist with the intellectualist 

 theory. "Un organe tend a eti-e, c'etait en 

 lealite dire : 11 y a une pensee dans cet organe 

 qui le veut tel ou tel : I'etre qui tend a etre est 

 toujours une pens6e. Les sentiments indecom- 

 posables, irreductibles a toute explication physi- 

 ologique on intellectualiste — qui en un sens ex- 

 istent, comme nous I'avons pu conclure de ce 

 qui precede, comme nous le verrons mieux dans 

 le chapitre suivant — impliquent eux-memes une 

 traduction intellectualiste." In the next chap- 

 ter here alluded to he treats of emotion as 

 special, aid generis, indecomposable facts of 

 consciousness. He regards ' sentiments propre- 

 ment dits ' as those which are either unanalyz- 

 able or whose quality cannot be determined from 

 their component parts. Such emotions are love, 

 friendship, etc. , but which are to be studied both 

 from the organic and intellectual points of view. 

 M". Rauh's general conclusion is that analysis is 

 the indispensable preliminary in the study of 

 emotion. This should be followed by tracing 

 them to their organic and intellectual causes 

 and learning the mode of causal action, or, 

 when emotions are unanalyzable, their causal ac- 

 tion should be traced. But in all this we must 

 remember that psycho-physiology can only show 

 the body as limit, but not as real cause or even 

 always as measure of emotion. Psychology, 

 here as elsewhere, seeks not unity, but actual 

 practical previson. 



While M. Rauh's work appears to us too 

 cursory and discursive, covering too wide a 

 field and reaching too vague and eclectic con- 

 clusions, yet it shows considerable thought, and 

 ought to be suggestive to the student of Emotion. 

 Hiram M. Stanley. 



books eeceived. 

 Talks to Teachers on Psycholoyy ; and to the Studetits on 



some of Life's Ideals. William James. New York, 



Henry Holt & Co. 1899. Pp. xi + 3-1. 

 Defective Ei/esight. D. B. St. John Eoosa, M.D. 



New York and London, The Maemillan Company. 



1899. Pp. ix + 186. 



Le CUmat de la Bclgiqne en 1S97. A. LANCASTER, 



Brussels, Hayez. 1898. Pp. 202. 

 La Specificiie Cellulaire. L. Baed. Paris, G. Carrd 



and C. Naud. 1899. Pp. 100. 

 La Scxiialite. F. Le Dantec. Paris, G. CarriS and 



C. Naud. 1899. Pp. ix + 98. 

 La Theorie de Slaxwell et les oscillations Sertziennes. H. 



Poincaee. Paris, G. Carre and C Naud. Pp. iv + 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 



AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY. 



In the month of April the American Mathe- 

 matical Society held two meetings. On Satur- 

 day, April 1st, the Chicago Section of the So- 

 ciety held its spring meeting at Northwestern 

 University) Evanston, 111., and on Saturday, 

 April 29th, the regular April meeting of the 

 Society was held at Columbia University, New 

 York City. At the latter meeting, guarantees 

 of support having been received from a large 

 number of universities, the final steps were 

 taken for the publication of the Transactions of 

 the Society. The Board of Editors appointed 

 by the Council consists of Professors E. H. 

 Moore, E. W. Brown and Thomas S. Fiske. The 

 first number of the Transactions will appear in 

 January, 1900. The Bulletin of the Society 

 will hereafter be devoted more exclusively to 

 the publication of critical and historical material 

 and to very short original articles, especially 

 such as present in concise form results of gen- 

 eral interest or importance. 



At the meeting of the Chicago Section the 

 following papers were read : 



(1) De. Haeeis Hancock : ' Primary functions.' 



(2) Peofessoe E. W. Davis: 'The group of the 

 trigonometric functions. ' 



(3) Professoe H. Maschke : ' On the continuation 

 of a power series. ' 



(4) Dr. Kurt Laves: 'Lagrange's differential 

 equations for a solid of variable form derived 

 from Hamilton's principle.' 



(5) Professor E. H. Moore : ' The decomposition 

 of modular systems connected with the doubly 

 generalized Fermat theorem (second communica- 

 tion).' 



(6) Professor James B. Shaw : ' Some generaliza- 

 tions in multiple algebra and matrices. ' 



(7) Professor J. W. A. Young: 'On the first 

 presentations of the fundamental principles of the 

 calculus.' 



