May 19, 1899.] 



SCIENCE. 



il5 



over an entire period by their use. I bad 

 marked a large number of penetrating purviews 

 .and new reflections for quotation, but limits 

 of space forbid more than briefest reference to 

 a very few. The theory of curves of thought 

 (43) ; the value of monastic influences (71) ; the 

 contrasts between communal and family life 

 (SI, 192, etc.) ; the relation of Catholicism and 

 Protestantism to vice and crime (94) ; the mis. 

 fortunes of the Reformation (104) ; the sudden- 

 ness of English civilization (126) ; Locke's office 

 (162) ; the meaning of Deism (175) ; the contrast 

 between England and France (187, 281) ; the 

 presentations of Wesley and Whitefield (250) ; 

 the ' origins ' of Adam Smith (264) ; the criticism 

 of current sociology (333) ; Romanticism and 

 religion (353) — all serve to illustrate the origi- 

 nality and one might almost say weird sugges- 

 tiveness of Professor Patten's inferences, and 

 other instances might be adduced indefinitely. 

 On the other hand, a few things give one 

 pause. To begin with. Professor Patten will 

 perhaps not take it amiss if a Scot informs him 

 that Scottish thought is not a variant of English. 

 Hume and Adam Smith and the Mills would 

 not have been what they were had their" na. 

 tionality lain south of the Tweed. At the same 

 time, I am well aware how difficult it is for the 

 foreigner to understand that the Cheviots di- 

 vide, if not two civilizations, then two ways of 

 thinking. The doctrine of the ' manl.y man,' 

 the ' womanly man,' and so forth (255, 318, 341, 

 etc.), seems a little far-fetched to be made so 

 much of; perhaps it applies in the case of John 

 Stuart Mill. The bath theory (192) of English 

 civilization ; the treatment of Calvinism (110, 

 etc.); the contrast between Cavalier and Puritan 

 (119) ; the gulf between the upper and lower 

 classes in England (130) ; the emphasis upon 

 clothing (191); the passage from a liquor to a 

 sugar diet (381) — all seem to me to be some- 

 what fanciful or, at least, to be used in support 

 of conclusions which do not necessariljf connect 

 with them. Many of the ' Concluding Re- 

 marks ' are vitiated by the author's foreign 

 standpoint. For example, the identification of 

 religion and economics, while strikingly true 

 of the United States, is incomparably less true 

 of England, and must remain so till the Anglican 

 Church loses its endowments. I ought to add 



that some of these objections would probably 

 appear less forcible to one fully informed on 

 economic questions. 



Finally, the appreciations of English philo- 

 sophical thought are wholly admirable. The 

 value of the new lights cast on Locke (158), 

 Mandeville, Hume (215, 223), the Mills, espe- 

 cially the son (331), Darwin (345), and the 

 present position of English philosophy (377) and 

 religion (398), cannot be overestimated at the 

 contemporary juncture. Emphasis ought to be 

 laid on the masterly discussions of Ricardo and 

 Adam Smith ; the interpretation of the former 

 is most illuminating. 



So far as I am capable of judging, the book 

 is obviously the work of a very able man and 

 one unusually well informed ; of a man who 

 has extraordinary capacity for seeing and tell- 

 ing truths pointedly, even though he may 

 miss the whole truth time and again. In any 

 case, it must be reckoned with and cannot miss 

 the exercise of wide influence, whether this be 

 of a negative or positive character. 



R. M. Wenley. 



University of Michigan. 



Peruvian Meteorology, 1888-1890. Compiled 

 and prepared for publication by Solon I. 

 Bailey, under the direction of Edward C. 

 Pickering. Annals of the Astronomical Ob- 

 servatory of Harvard College, Vol. XXXIX., 

 Part I. 4to. Cambridge, Published by the 

 Observatory. 1899. Pp. 153. Pis. VI. 

 It is safe to say that no publication has been 

 awaited with greater interest among meteorolo- 

 gists than the volume now before us. Ever since 

 the establishment of the permanent Southern 

 Station of the Harvard College Observatory at 

 Arequipa, in 1891, and of the auxiliary meteor- 

 logical stations in connection with it, every 

 meteorologist the world over has been anxious 

 to have access to the data which have been 

 gathered concerning the climatic conditions of 

 that unique region. The notable discoveries 

 made on the photographic plates from Arequipa 

 have turned the attention of every astronomer 

 towards Peru. Now the meteorological world 

 likewise turns towards Peru in the study of the 

 records which are for the first time accessible. 

 Readers of Science will remember that the 



