774 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. IX. No. 231. 



2 is gray ; No. 3 is greeu." The operator 

 records from the back of the tester the let- 

 ters indicatiug what glasses were actually 

 used. If he finds that A, D and G were 

 opposite the glasses Nos. 1, 2 and 3 he 

 records: A 1, dark red; D 2, gray; G 3, 

 green. The disk is then turned to some 

 other position ; the colors are again named, 

 and the operator records the names used. 

 For example, the result might be : " No. 1 

 is dark green ; Ko. 2 is white ; No. 3 is red ;" 

 and the record would read : G 1, dark 

 green ; J 2, white ; A 3, red. Still another 

 record might give: J 1, dark gray ; A 2, 

 red ; D 3, medium gray. Similar records 

 are made for all combinations. Of course, 

 the person tested knows nothing concerning 

 the records made. A comparison with a 

 list of the true colors for each position de- 

 termines whether the test has been passed 

 or not. 



The three records just cited were all ob- 

 tained from the red glass, A ; the gray glass, 

 D ; the green glass, G, and the ground glass, 

 J, in combination with the dark gray, No. 1 ; 

 the ground glass, No. 2, and the medium 

 gray, No. 3. Those familiar with color- 

 blindness will notice that these combina- 

 tions place side by side the colors most con- 

 fused. 



The records can be taken by any one, 

 and, on the supposition that the record has 

 been honestly obtained and that the instru- 

 ment has not been tampered with after 

 leaving the central office, the comparison is 

 mechanical. There is none of the skillful 

 manipulation required in the wool-test and 

 none of the uncertainty attaching to its re- 

 sults. The only instruction given to the 

 subject is : '' Name the colors ;" the results 

 render the decision with mechanical cer- 

 tainty. 



One of the testers is in use on one of the 

 English railwaj's, another on the central 

 division of the New York Central Eailroad. 

 From the former I have not vet heard, but 



the examiner on the latter reports that 

 since using the tester he has found men 

 who get through the wool- test, but are 

 caught by the tester. On the other hand, 

 he states that " the men examined say that 

 this test is more like the signals they are 

 used to seeing every day on the road, and 

 is, therefore, fairer than to ask them to pick 

 out a lot of delicately tinted pieces of 

 yarn." 



An experience of several years seems to 

 justify the following claims for the color- 

 sense tester : 



1. It detects with unerring precision both 

 the color-blind and the color-weak. 



2. It is a perfectly fair test for the men 

 concerned and injures no man by requiring 

 an unfamiliar judgment. 



3. It requires but a very small fraction 

 of the time used on the wool- test. 



4. Its decisions are self-evident and un- 

 questionable. 



e. w. sceiptuee. 

 Psychological Laboratory, 

 Yale University, 

 May 7, X899. 



AMERICAN CLI3IAT0L0GICAL ASSOCIATION: 



The sixteenth annual meeting of the Amer- 

 ican Climatological Association was held 

 in New York City on May 9th and 10th at 

 the hall of the New York Academj' of Med- 

 icine. About fifty members were in attend- 

 ance from all portions of the United States. 

 Twenty -five papers were read upon subjects 

 pertaining to climatology, hydrology and 

 diseases of the respiratory and circulatory 

 organs. These papers, which will appear 

 in the annual volume of the Transactions, 

 were as follows : 



' Presidential Address, ' by Dr. Beverley Robinson, 

 of New York. 



' Treatment of Consumption by Air and Light in 

 Colorado,' by Dr. Charles F. Gardiner, of Colorado 

 Springs. 



'Intermediate Altitude for the Consumptive,' by 

 Dr. B. P. Anderson, of Colorado Springs- 



