Januaet 14, 1921] 



SCIENCE 



51 



some details of the operations in those plants were 

 given. 



A study of the separation of iron from, alumi- 

 nium iy precipitation as Prussian Blue: G. O. 

 Burr and Hakkison Hale. Precipitation of 

 Prussian Blue from ferric salts with potassium 

 ferrooyanide in the presence of aluminium was 

 tried. DifEerent concentrations of the salts and 

 different strengths of free acid were used. It was 

 found that the method was not applicable because 

 of the formation of complex aluminium potassium 

 ferrocyanides and the difficulty of filtering the 

 Prussian Blue. 



■ Fuel Symposium. A. C. Fieldner, chairman 



Low temperature carlonisation and its applica- 

 tion to high oxygen coals: S. W. Parr. By low 

 temperature carbonization is meant decomposition 

 at a maximum temperature of TSO'-SOO" C. This 

 is not an arbitrary range but is a natural division 

 below which substantially aU condensible volatile 

 products are discharged and the minimum amount 

 of secondary decompositions occur. The main 

 points of interest were fully summarized and de- 

 scribed. In general, it is believed that all of the 

 products of decomposition have a higher intrinsic 

 value as delivered under low temperature condi- 

 tions, chiefly because of the avoidance of excessive 

 secondary decompositions. The solid residue is a 

 smokeless fuel of from 5 to 15 per cent, volatile, 

 free burning and of good texture, primarily 

 adapted to use as a domestic or factory fuel. 

 Whether suitable for metallurgical purposes or not 

 has not been determined. 



Carbonization of Canadian lignites: Edgak 

 Stansfield. This paper summarizes the results of 

 an investigation on the carbonization of Canadian 

 lignites carried out by the Mines Branch of the 

 Department of Mines, and by the Lignite Utiliza- 

 tion Board of Canada, at the Fuel Testing Station, 

 of the Mines Branch, at Ottawa. The first series 

 of experiments was carried out on 10 gram samples 

 with exact temperature control, it showed the ef- 

 fect on the resulting carbonized material of widely 

 differing conditions of carbonization: the results 

 obtained have been used to control all larger scale 

 work. The second series of experiments was car- 

 ried out on samples of 1-3 kilograms. The experi- 

 ments were similar to the above, but the tar, gas, 

 ammonium sulphate, and water was also collected 

 and studied. A weight balance sheet, thermal 

 balance sheet and other results obtained in one 

 set of experiments are given. The bearing of the 



above results, and of the economic conditions in 

 southern Saskatchewan, on the design of a com- 

 mercial carbonizer for that district are discussed, 

 and the evolution from this laboratory investiga- 

 tion to the successful operation of a semi-com- 

 mercial carbonizer of new design is traced. This 

 carbonizer treated some 200 pounds of dried lig- 

 nite per hour; the experience gained with it has 

 been used to design a plant now being built by 

 the board, near Bienfait, Saskatchewan, to treat 

 200 tons of raw lignite per day. 



By-product coTce. Anthracite and Pittsburgh coal 

 as fuel for heating liouses: Henry Kkiesinger. 



By-product eoTcing: F. W. Spere, Jr., and E. H. 

 Bird. The paper discusses the present growth of 

 by-product eoke manufacture due to the increased 

 use of its products as fuels. This growth is even, 

 to a considerable extent, becoming independent of 

 the iron and steel industry. The fuel efficiency of 

 the by-product coke oven and the beehive oven are 

 compared. The primary products of the by-prod- 

 uct coke oven are discussed with relation to their 

 use as fuel. There have been a number of new 

 applications of these products that are important 

 from this standpoint. The gaseous fuels manufac- 

 tured from coke are also described, together with 

 the possibilities for their future use in systems for 

 the complete gasification of coal. The economical 

 relation of the Koppers' combination oven fired 

 with producer or blast furnace gas is noted, and 

 other recent technical developments which have 

 contributed to fuel economy are cited. 



The charcoal method of gasoline recovery: G. A. 

 BuBRELL, 6. G. Oberpell and C. L. Voress. 



Colloidal fuels, their preparation and properties : 

 S. E. Sheppard. Eeasons for name, and history of 

 development — colloid chemistry and fuels — suspen- 

 soids and emulsoids — viscosity conditions and sta- 

 bility requirements — stabilizing by protective col- 

 loids — development of plastic inner friction and 

 "plasma" structure — peptization processes in 

 theory and practise — accessory testing methods 

 and practical trials. 



Gasoline losses due to incomplete combustion in 

 motor vehicles: A. C. Fieldner, G. W. Jones and 

 A. A. Straub. 



Enrichment of artificial gas with natural gas: 

 James B. Garner. The project of enriching arti- 

 ficial gas with natural gas is one which is of wide 

 spread interest because of its possibility of pro- 

 viding a supply of a clean domestic fuel gas, uni- 

 form in quality and of sufficient volume to meet 



