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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. LIII. No. 1362 



tory. I tave not so mucli direct knowledge 

 of the influence exerted by Dr. Meltzer in 

 the ntimerous other societies of which he wag 

 a member. In the case of the Society for 

 Experimental Biology and Medicine we know 

 that he was its chief founder and for many 

 years its primimi movens — it was long known 

 familiarly among scientific men as the 

 Meltzer Verein. I have no doubt that in 

 every organization with which he was con- 

 nected his influence was always exerted on 

 the side of the highest scientific ideals — no 

 other position was possible for him. He was 

 high-minded, courageous, sincere and opti- 

 mistic. Age oftentimes lays a stiffening hand 

 upon the scientific worker, causing him to 

 shrink from the laborious routine of research, 

 but with Meltzer there was never any indica- 

 tion of weariness or sense of failure. In 

 spite of much ill-health and physical suffer- 

 ing in his later years he was full of hope and 

 energy and determination in the pursuit of 

 his scientific ideals and problems. Death 

 came to him, as he would have chosen, while 

 in his study and at his work. He was a good 

 and faithful servant in the cause of medical 

 research. Rewards came to him in the form 

 of academic honors and membership in the 

 most important medical and scientific so- 

 cieties, but I am confident that he found his 

 greatest recompense in the joy of the work 

 and in the affectionate appreciation of his 

 many scientific friends. 



W. H. Howell 



THE RELATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY TO 

 MEDICINEi 



A SUFFICIENT excuse for this discussion 

 of an oldi theme is the notable rapid prog- 

 ress of both psychology and medicine, and 

 the consequent'changes in their actual and 

 prospective relations. Fresh consideration 

 of the question what should be the relation 

 of psychology to medicine may benefit 

 alike the sciences and the art concerned. 



1 Address of retiring vice-president and cliair- 

 man of Section I, American Association for tlie 

 Advancement of Science, Cliieago, 1920. 



The discussion may not be exhaustive; in- 

 stead, it must be limited to an outline of 

 the theme and the indication of those 

 cbaraeteristics of the two principal subjects 

 which are preeminently important as con- 

 ditions of profitable working relations. 



Medicine as an art strives to maintain or 

 restore the health of the human being. 

 The object of the physician's concern, his 

 patient, ordinarily is both active and con- 

 scious. It is therefore desirable that the 

 practitioner be thoroughly grounded in the 

 facts and principles of human action and 

 experience. Although this may seem self- 

 evident, it has not been accepted generally 

 in medical education. The liistory of 

 medicine indicates that it has long sought 

 to attain a reliable and adequate scientific 

 basis for the practise. Naturally enough, 

 knowledge of structure was first of all 

 sought, and in consequence, the science of 

 gross anatomy developed. Subsequently it 

 gave rise to histology, cytology, embryol- 

 ogy, pathological anatomy, and bacteriol- 

 ogy, all of which are now recognized as 

 essential morphological bases for the art of 

 medicine. Paralleling the growth of the 

 knowledge of structure, although somewhat 

 more recently and more slowly developed, 

 are the various sciences which deal with 

 organic functions. Among these, human 

 physiology was first chronologically, and 

 first in importance to medicine. For sev- 

 eral centuries it has grown steadily, grad- 

 ually extending its inquiries to most of the 

 important types of organic process. From 

 it have arisen a number of special sciences 

 of function and its alteration, as, for ex- 

 ample, in immunology, pathology, and 

 certain aspects of pharmacology. But 

 strangely enough, physiology has failed 

 to take possession of those large and im- 

 portant groups of phenomena in human 

 life which are designated by the terms 

 behavior, conduct, experience, and mind. 



