132 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. LIII. No. 1363 



Professor Calmette then gave an account of 

 the results of his researches and those of Dr. 

 Guerin, which proved that cattle and monkeys 

 could be given immunity. A vaccine has been 

 found for cattle. Experiments lasting over 

 many months have given results said to be of 

 imiwrtance. 



Professor Calmette stated that in a cer- 

 tain stable they placed five known tuberculous 

 •cows. With them were housed ten heifers, 

 four of which had not been given an effective 

 vaccine, and the other six had been vaccinated. 

 The trial lasted for thirty-four months, some 

 of the cattle being revaccinated each year. At 

 the end of the time, when the beasts were 

 slaughtered, it was found that of the four un- 

 vaccinated heifers three showed advanced 

 tuberculosis. Of the six vaccinated beasts the 

 two which had only once been vaccinated 

 showed distinct signs of the disease, but the 

 four animals which had been vaccinated three 

 times, although they had been in constant 

 ■company with the tuberculous companions for 

 thiirty-four months, showed no trace of the 

 •disease. Further experiments on a large scale 

 are now going on. 



To find out whether this vaccine is capable 

 of being applied to man experiments will be 

 necessary on chimpanzees and anthropoid apes. 

 These animals do not take kindly to temperate 

 climates, and Professor Calmette and his col- 

 laborators have therefore decided to build an 

 experimental laboratory in French Guinea. 

 The Pasteur Institute has obtained the con- 

 cession of Rooma Island, four miles from 

 Konakry, for their researches, and the gov- 

 ernor of Western Africa has put at the in- 

 stitute's disposal from the 1921 budget the 

 sima of about £6,000, with which the labora- 

 tories will be constructed. The researches of 

 the scientific missions will take some years, 

 and the estimated expenditure is £5,000 a year. 



AWARDS OF THE PARIS ACADEMY OF 

 j SCIENCES 



j According to the report in Nature the prizes 

 awarded by the Paris Academy include the fol- 

 lowing : 



Mathematics. — Grand prize of the mathematical 

 sciences to Ernest Esclangon, for Ms memoir en- 

 titled "New Researches on Quasi-periodic Func- 

 tions"; the Poncelet prize to Elie Oartan, for the 

 whole of his work; the Franeoeur prize to Eenfi 

 Baire, for his work on the general theory of func- 

 tions. 



Mechanics. — A Montyon prize to StSphaae Drze- 

 wiecki, for his book on the general theory of the 

 helLx, with reference to marine and aerial propeller- 

 blades; the de Parville prize to Jean Villey, for 

 his work on internal-combustion motors. 



Astronomy. — The Lalande prize to Leopold 

 Schulhof, for his revision of the catalogue of the 

 proper motions of 2,641 stars; the Valz prize to 

 Ernest Maubant, for his work on the calculation 

 of the perturbations of comets ; the Janssen medal 

 to William W. Coblentz, for his work on the infra- 

 red radiation of terrestrial sources and of stars; 

 the Pierre Guzman prize between Francois Gon- 

 nessiat (5,000 francs), for his work on the photog- 

 raphy of the minor planets; Eeng Jarry-Deslogea 

 (5,000 francs), for his physical observations on the 

 planets, especially Mars, and Joanny-Ph. Lagrula 

 (4,000 francs), for his work on the rapid identifi- 

 cation of the minor planets. 



Geography. — The Delalande-Gufirineau prize to 

 Georges Bruel, for his explorations and publica- 

 tions relating to French Equatorial Africa; the 

 Tchihatchef prize to Auguste Chevalier, for his 

 explorations in Africa and Indo-Ohina; the Binoux 

 prize to Marcel Augi^ras, for his work in the west- 

 ern Sahara. 



Navigation. — The prize of 6,000 francs between 

 Fernand Gossot (4,000 francs), for his treatise "on 

 the effects of explosives, Pierre de Vanssay de 

 Blavous (1,500 francs), for the whole of his work, 

 and Een6 Eisser (500 francs), for his work on 

 ballistics. 



Physics. — The L. La Oaze prize to Georges Sag- 

 nao, for the whole of Ms work in physics; the 

 H6bert prize to L6ou Bouthillon, for his work on 

 wireless telegraphy; the Hughes prize to Fr^^ric 

 Laporte, for his work on electrical standards and 

 the photometry of electric lamps; the Clgment 

 Felix foimdation to Am6d6e GuiUet, for his re- 

 searches on chronometry. 



Chemistry. — The Montyon prize (unhealthy 

 trades) to Lfionce Barthe, for his work on the hy- 

 giene of workshops; the Jecker prize (5,000 

 francs) between Henri Gault, for his work in or- 

 ganic chemistry, and Henri HSrissey, for his re- 

 searches on the glucosides of plants; the L. La 



