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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. LIII. No. 1364 



ters in our middle states, has given a splendid 

 impetus to the development of the work to-'day. 

 The practical value of modern anthropolog- 

 ical knowledge can no longer be questioned by 

 one who knows the practical work done by 

 those who have gone out from the training 

 course. We have sent our trained Americani- 

 zation leaders into several different states and 

 into many different positions, such as those of 

 state directors, city directors, school directors, 

 directors with T. M. and Y. W. 0. A., 

 churches, women's clubs, and as teachers in 

 schools, homes, communities and industries. 

 The continuous demand for these trained lead- 

 ers is greater than our supply, and a gratify- 

 ing aspect of this demand is that it so often 

 comes from centers where already some of our 

 trained workers are. Our trained leaders are 

 making good in this practical effort to hasten 

 assimilation in America, not only because they 

 are trained in the professional, technical and 

 practical courses, but, more especially, because 

 through their anthropological courses they are 

 equipped to know the different necessary ap- 

 proaches to, and reaction of, the different 

 breeds of peoples among whom they work. 

 Their work is among peoples. They have been 

 trained to know peoples. This training course 

 is not yet fully manned or as complete as is 

 desired due to the almost universal shortage of 

 funds in higher education. "We need espe- 

 cially research men in physical anthropology, 

 amalgamation, and environmental influence, 

 as well as experts in certain practical fields. 

 Tn fact, there should develop a genuine labora- 

 tory of research and of practical application 

 of anthropological knowledge. The time is 

 coming quickly when this will be developed 

 somewhere. 



) Not only is this work being done in the 

 TJniversaty of Minnesota but under the impetus 

 of the Americanization movement many col- 

 leges and universities which before had no 

 anthropology coirrses of any nature have re- 

 cently been putting in courses on modern 

 peoples, especially our immigrant peoples, and 

 some have added various professional courses 

 on technique and method. Not only are these 

 anthropology courses of value in purely Amer- 



icanization work, but it will come to be recog- 

 nized more and more that with America's vast 

 heterogeneous population her public school 

 educators, her social workers, her police and 

 correction agencies will have to m.ake practical 

 use of anthropological knowledge of the vari- 

 ous peoples with whom they deal. 



To sum up — the immigration problem which 

 is of snch dominant importance to-day is in all 

 of its phases anthropological at base, and if we 

 are to arrive at any correct solution of the 

 questions of restriction, distribution and as- 

 similation of the immigrant in America, use 

 must be made of anthropological knowledge 

 and data and research. 



' The second problem before our nation to- 

 day which is at base anthropological which I 

 wish to consider is the Negro problem. One 

 person in ten in our nation is Negro. We 

 know practically nothing of scientific anthro- 

 pological value about the American Negro. 

 Toward' him there is more fierce race prejudice 

 than toward any other people, yet probably no 

 stronger ties of personal friendship exist be- 

 tween members of different races than exist 

 between individual southern whites and south- 

 em Negroes. As to the relative intellectual 

 capacity of the American Negro probably 

 greater disagreement of opinion exists between 

 white persons who think they know than about 

 any other people. There is imperative need 

 of scientific research and the accumulation of 

 scientific data to help our nation in the solu- 

 tion of the Negro problem. 



The careful student of our national affairs 

 sees four great Negro movements setting in in 

 America like deep-swelling tides. 



The first is that of Negro segregation. A 

 great natural segregation movement is taking 

 place in at least three extensive areas in three 

 southern states. Negroes flourish better than 

 white people in those areas. The whites are 

 decreasing and the Negroes increasing until 

 they not only outnumber the whites, but out- 

 number them increasingly year by year. A 

 similar natural segregation is taking place also 

 in many of our large cities. 



The national problem for us is what type of 

 Negro and culture is being produced in the 



