Masch 11, 1921] 



SCIENCE 



221 



1795 and whicli became the Annales des Mines 

 in 1816. In Germany the Taschenbuch fuer 

 die gesammte Mineralogie mit Hinsicht auf 

 die neuesten Endeckungen was established in 

 1806, which subsequently was superseded by 

 the Zeitschrift fuer Mineralogie. This jour- 

 nal in turn gave way to the Jahrhuch fuer 

 Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie, und Petre- 

 faJctenkunde in 1830, which with but slight 

 modifications in the title has continued down 

 to the present day and is recognized as a 

 most jwwerful influence in the development 

 of the early sciences, especially in Europe. 



The first comprehensive work on mineralogy 

 in America was Parker Cleaveland's " Ele- 

 mentary Treatise on Mineralogy and Geol- 

 ogy," a volume of 668 pages with numerous 

 crystal drawings and a colored geological map 

 of the eastern portion of the United States, 

 which appeared in 1816. In writing this text 

 it obviously was necessary for Cleaveland, who 

 was professor of mathematics and natural 

 philosophy, and lecturer on chemistry and 

 mineralogy in Bowdoin College, to which 

 position he had been appointed in 1805, to 

 draw freely upon European writers, especially 

 English, French and German. The incorpor- 

 ation of American localities was an arduous 

 task, for Cleaveland indicates that Bruce's 

 Mineralogical Journal, a paper by S. Godon 

 in the Memoirs of the American Academy, 

 and another by Dr. Adam Seybert, of Phila- 

 delphia, in the Medical Museum were almost 

 the only printed authorities which he em- 

 ployed. 



In his introduction, Cleaveland stresses the 

 importance of mineralogy in the following 

 manner : 



It may also be remarked that several arts and 

 manufactures depend upon mineralogy for their 

 existence; and that improvements and discoveries 

 in the latter can mot fail of extending their bene- 

 ficial efforts to ithe aforementioned employments. 

 In. fine the study of mineralogy, whether it be 

 viewed as tending to increase individual wealth, to 

 improve and multiply arts and manufactures and 

 thus promote the public good; or as affording a 

 pleasant subject for scientific research, recom- 

 mends itself to the attention of the citizen and 

 scholar. 



Also, 



But whatever progress may hitherto have been 

 made in mineralogical pursuits, every new advance 

 has opened a wider and more interesting prospect. 

 The science is still in its infancy, and in many of 

 its paths can, only- proceed with a faltering and 

 uncertain step. 



In reviewing this pioneer text. Professor 

 Silliman in 1818 said: 



In our opinion, this work does honor to our 

 country and will greatly promote the knowledge of 

 mineralogy and geology, besides aiding in the great 

 work of disseminating a taste for science gener- 

 ally. . . . The method of execution is masterly. 

 Discrimination, perspicuity, judicious selection of 

 characters and facts, a style chaste, manly, and 

 comprehensive, are among the attributes of Pro- 

 fessor Cleaveland's performance. ... In our 

 opinion, Professor Cleaveland's work ought to be 

 introduced in aU our schools of mineralogy and 

 ought to be the travelling companion of every 

 American mineralogist. 



The text was received with great favor, a 

 second edition in two volumes being issued in 

 1822. Although later a third edition became 

 necessary, it was never prepared on account 

 of the failing health of the author. 



In 1825 Samuel Robinson published an 

 elaborate list of American mineral localities, 

 entitled " A catalogue of American minerals 

 with their localities." The following year 

 Emmon's " Manual of Mineralogy and Geol- 

 ogy " was issued. This was a text of 230 

 pages. The part dealing with mineralogy was 

 the second general treatise on mineralogy 

 published in America. Little attention was 

 given to crystallography. Descriptive min- 

 eralogy was emphasized and 297 minerals 

 were described. 



The next work on mineralogy by an Amer- 

 ican was the first part of the " Treatise on 

 Mineralogy," published in 1832, by Professor 

 C. U. Shepard, who at that time was an as- 

 sistant to Professor Silliman at Tale Uni- 

 versity. It was based on the work of Mohs 

 and was a small volume of 256 pages. This 

 was followed in 1835 by Part Two consisting 

 of two volumes of 630 pages. A second 

 edition was published in 1844. 



