482 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. LIII. No. 1377 



Patent Office conditions. The ^National Ee- 

 searcli Council, the American Chemical So- 

 ciety and the National Association of Manu- 

 facturers are among the organizations advo- 

 cating Patent Office relief. 



THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 



Because of their imjwrtant service " for the 

 increase and diffusion of geographic knowl- 

 edge " the following members of the Ifational 

 Geographic Society have been awarded life 

 memberships, under the provisions of the Jane 

 M. Smith Fund: 



R. G. MeOonneU, of Ottawa, Canada, for his 

 distinguished service to geography in Canadian 

 exploration. 



Frank M. Chapman, of New York City, for his 

 researches in ornithology with special reference to 

 the geographic distribution of animal life. 



Herbert E. Gregory, of New Haven, Connecti- 

 cut, for his important original contributions to 

 geographic science. 



Donald B. MacMfflan, of Freeport, Maine, for 

 his additions to geographic knowledge through 

 Arctic exploration. 



J. B. Tyrrell, of Toronto, Canada, for his 

 journeys and reports of exploration and discovery 

 in the wilderness of northwestern Canada. 



The National Geographic Society will be- 

 gin explorations and studies this summer of 

 the Pueblo Bonito and Pueblo del Arroyo ruins 

 in the Chaco Canyon of Northwestern New 

 Mexico. It was decided to study these ruins 

 following a report to Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor, 

 president of the society, and its research com- 

 mittee, headed by Frederick V. Coville, by a 

 reconoissance party which visited the Canyon 

 last summer (1920). The expedition will be 

 led by Neil M. Judd, who has been a member 

 of many expeditions to the American South- 

 west. The populous habitation of the Canyon 

 in pre-Columbian times presents numerous 

 geographical problems involving the relation 

 of a specialized environment to a people whose 

 traces indicate numerous special characteris- 

 tics. Not only will the architecture and 

 ceramic remains be studied, but experts in 

 desert flora and geology will accompany the 

 expedition. It is yet to be determined whether 

 the climate conditions have changed or whe- 



ther the canyon agriculturists had an irriga- 

 tion system for their crops of beans, com and 

 squash. 



EXCHANGE OF PROFESSORS OF ENGINEERING 



BETWEEN AMERICAN AND FRENCH 



UNIVERSITIES 



There has been for some time a regular an- 

 nual exchange of professors between indi- 

 vidual universities in France and America in 

 regular academic fields, such as literature, his- 

 tory, law, fine arts, economics, etc., but no 

 such exchange in engineering or applied sci- 

 ence. These subjects are taught in France 

 under special faculties, not included in exist- 

 ing exchanges with America. Furthermore, 

 the French methods of teaching these subjects 

 are unlike our American methods, for various 

 reasons, based on the history, traditions and 

 sociology of the two countries. The war 

 showed the importance « of engineering in 

 production and distribution, and the many ties 

 of friendship which bind us to France depend 

 in various ways, upon applied science. It 

 should therefore, be to the mutual advantage 

 of France and America to become better ac- 

 quainted with each other's ideals and view- 

 points, in the study and in the teaching of 

 these subjects. 



With these purposes in mind, the late Dr. 

 E. C. Maolaurin, in 1919, as president of the 

 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, con- 

 sulted the presidents of six universities on or 

 near the Atlantic seaboard, as to whether they 

 deemed it desirable to cooperate in a joint ex- 

 change of professors with France, on a plan 

 definitely outlined. Their replies being favor- 

 able to the project, a committee was appointed, 

 with one member from each of the seven in- 

 stitutions, to report on the plan, and on meth- 

 ods of carrying it into effect. The committee 

 met in December, 1919, and ratified the co- 

 operative plan with some few modifications. 

 The present president of the committee is 

 Director Russell H. Chittenden, of Yale Uni- 

 versity, and its secretary Dean J. B. Whitehead 

 of the Johns Hopkins University. 



Since the Institute of International Educa- 

 tion, in New York, concerns itself with the 

 interchange of coUege students and teachers 



