Jtoy 16, 1920] 



SCIENCE 



53 



paratory courses tmless they are taken before 

 the doctorate is completed. Every psycholo- 

 gist recognizes his own limitations in applied 

 physical measurements and a course as out- 

 lined by Dr. Klopsteg would do much toward 

 extending the limits for the younger men. 



In the writer's opinion the best time for 

 taking such a course is before the student has 

 begun experimental work on the problem 

 which is to be the basis for his dissertation. 

 At this time the question of method is upper- 

 most and the problem has already been out- 

 lined. If the student is working on apparatus 

 this is the time that the advice of the pro- 

 fessor of applied physical measurements is of 

 greatest benefit. These conditions arise in the 

 first year of graduate work, or in a few eases, 

 during the senior year. The course itself, 

 however, should be under the supervision of 

 the graduate school. 



Of the seventeen types of physical meas- 

 urements suggested by Dr. Klopsteg^ the fol- 

 lowing would form an excellent background 

 for the experimental psychologist: (1) The 

 accurate measurement of long and short time 

 intervals. (2) Measurement of temperatures 

 by methods other than that of the mercury 

 thermometer. (3) Temperature regulation 

 and control. (4) Precision calorimetry. (5) 

 The microscope and reading telescope. (6) 

 Spectroscopic analysis. (7) Colorimetry and 

 photometry. (8) The galvanometer. (9) 

 Electrical measurements, both alternating and 

 direct. (10) Graphic and smoke records. 



With a practical knowledge of the use of 

 these methods the student is qualified to 

 tmdertake almost any problem in experimental 

 psychology with the assurance that he is using 

 the most approved methods of measuring his 

 conditions and results. 



A. P. Weiss 



Ohio State TJniveesitt 



GENERAL WILLIAM C. GORGAS 



William Crawford Goegas, Surgeon Gen- 

 eral, U. S. Army, during the four years of the 

 European War, 1914—18, and well-known for 



2 Science, April 29, 1919, N. S., 50, 199-202. 



his work as chief sanitary officer of the 

 Panama Canal, died in London on the early 

 morning of July 4, in the sixty-sixth year of 

 his age. He had sustained a stroke of 

 apoplexy on May 29, lingering for more than 

 a month in hospital with some hope of re- 

 covery, but renal complications intervened 

 and he passed away in unconsciousness. 



General Gorgas was born at Mobile, Ala- 

 bama, on October 3, 1854. He was the son of 

 General Josiah Gorgas, Chief of Ordnance 

 of the Confederate Army, and received his 

 earlier education in the South, graduating 

 from the University of the South in 1875. 

 He then went to New York to study medicine, 

 and received his medical degree from Belle- 

 vue Hospital Medical College in 1879. He 

 was intern at Bellevue Hospital during 1878— 

 80, and in the last year of his residence in 

 hospital, took an examination for admission 

 to the Medical Corps of the TJ. S. Army, re- 

 ceiving his commission as surgeon on June 16, 

 1880. He was promoted captain in 1885 and 

 during the Spanish-American War, served as 

 a major and brigade surgeon of volunteers, 

 receiving his majority in the Regular Army 

 on July 6, 1898. At the close of the Spanish- 

 American War, he was apiwinted Chief Sani- 

 tary Officer of Havana, holding this position 

 from 1896 until 1903. In connection with 

 this important detail, it fell to his lot to apply 

 to the sanitation of Havana the discovery of 

 the late Major Walter Eeed, that yellow fever 

 is transmitted by mosquitoes, which was ac- 

 complished by Reed, as the head of an Army 

 Board sent to Cuba to investigate yellow fever 

 in 1900-1901. In February, 1901, shortly 

 after Reed's discovery was established, Gorgas 

 began to screen yellow fever patients and to 

 destroy fever-bearing mosquitoes by oiling the 

 surface of all pools or collections of water 

 where they were likely to breed. In three 

 months time, Havana was freed from yellow 

 fever for the first time in nearly two cen- 

 turies. For this work in eliminating the dis- 

 ease from Havana, Gorgas was made a colonel 

 and assistant surgeon general by special act 

 of Congress on March 9, 1903. On. March 1, 

 1904, he was appointed chief sanitary officer 



