August 13, 1920] 



SCIENCE 



149 



arts and sciences increased from 1,180 to 1,321, 

 whieli is 43.5 per cent, of all graduates. 



The number of medical colleges is eighty- 

 five, the same number as last year. In 1904, 

 when the Council on Medical Education was 

 created, the United States had more medical 

 schools than all other countries of the world 

 combined. While the number of colleges has 

 been reduced from 162 to 85, during the sixteen 

 years, the number enforcing an entrance re- 

 quirement of two years or more of collegiate 

 work increased from four (2.5 per cent, of all 

 colleges) in 1904, to seventy-eight (92.9 per 

 cent.) in 1920. The number of medical stu- 

 dents was decreased from 28,142 to 13,052 — 

 the lowest number — in 1919; but during the 

 same period, the number who had higher pre- 

 liminary qualifications was increased from 

 1,761 (6.2 per cent, of all students) in 1904, to 

 13,408 (95.2 per cent.) in 1920. The number 

 of graduates was reduced from 5,747 to 2,656 — 

 the lowest number — in 1919; but the number 

 having higher preliminary qualifications was 

 increased from 369 (6.4 per cent, of all gradu- 

 ates) in 1904, to 2,842 (93.3 per cent.) in 1920. 



WORK OF THE BUREAU OF MINES 



Dr. F. G. Cotteell, director of the Bureau 

 of Mines, announces the apjwintment by Act- 

 ing Secretary of the Interior Hopkins, of F. 

 B. Tough as supervisor, and E. E. CoUom 

 and H. W. Bell as deputy supervisors, to 

 administer the operating regulations on oil 

 and gas leases under the Department of the 

 Interior. Mr. Tough will be stationed at 

 Denver, Colorado, and will have personal 

 charge of operations in the Rocky Mountain 

 fields, as well as supervisory charge of opera- 

 tions on government lands in all fields. Mr. 

 Collom will be stationed at San Francisco, 

 California, and will have charge of opera- 

 tions in the California oil fields. Mr. Bell 

 will be stationed at Dallas, Texas, and will 

 supervise operations in the Louisana fields. 



Mr. Tough is a graduate mining engineer. 

 He has had seven years' experience in actual 

 engineering and practical work for the South- 

 ern Pacific Company in the California oil 

 fields and as petroleum technologist with the 



Bureau of Mines for four years. While with 

 the Bureau of Mines, he covered practically 

 all the oil fields in the United States, and has 

 done much work in correcting water problems 

 in Illinois, Colorado, Wyoming and Cali- 

 fornia. He is the author of Bulletin 163, 

 "Methods of Shutting off Water in Oil and 

 Gas Wells." For the past year and a half 

 he has been in charge of the conservation 

 work in the Wyoming fields, under the co- 

 operative agreement with the Rocky Moun- 

 tain Petroleum Association, which has con- 

 tributed $30,000 a year for the Bureau of 

 Mines to demonstrate methods of drilling 

 and operating wells in order to minimize the 

 waste of oil and gas and damage to oil and 

 gas sands. This work was so satisfactory 

 that the Rocky Mountain Petroleum Asso- 

 ciation, consistng of the Midwest Refining 

 Company, the Ohio Oil Company, and the 

 Continental Oil Company, voluntarily sug- 

 gested a renewal of the cooperative agree- 

 ment for the second year and Mr. Tough 

 will continue to supervise this cooperative 

 work. 



Mr. R. E. Collom is also a graduate mining 

 engineer. He has had a number of years' ex- 

 perience in the mining camps, but has spent 

 most of his time in the oil fields of California. 

 He was deputy supervisor for the California 

 State Mining Bureau, where he worked prin- 

 cipally in the Santa Maria oil field, from 

 which position he was transferred to San 

 Francisco as assistant chief supervisor. Mr. 

 Collom has been with the Bureau of Mines for 

 one year, during which time he has been in 

 many fields in the United States, and was in 

 charge of the Dallas office of the Bureau of 

 Mines for several months. He worked in the 

 Texas and Louisiana oil fields, particularly 

 in the Wichita Falls and Ranger Districts, 

 where, with the assistance of W. A. Snyder 

 and J. B. Kerr, a number of operating prob- 

 lems were solved and valuable recommenda- 

 tions made to the oil companies. Mr. Collem 

 is the author of a manuscript to be published 

 by the Bureau of Mines relating to develop- 

 ment problems in the oil fields. 



Mr. Bell is a graduate mining engineer 



