September 10, 1920] 



SCIENCE 



255 



solutions contain sulfates, carbonates and reduc- 

 ing substances. A method for determining the 

 upper limit, which can be profitably used for the 

 iodide concentration in the mother liquor is dis- 

 cussed. The recovery of the iodine represents not 

 only the saving of a valuable by-product, but makes 

 the operation of the evaporator house simpler, for 

 the reason that the carbonates and a portion of 

 the sulfates are disposed of. The iodine is liber- 

 ated by means of acid and bleaching powder. The 

 iodine is removed from the solution by means of 

 live steam. 



A plan for incentive to research in pure and ap- 

 plied chemistry: W. J. Hale. The latent possibil- 

 ity of the university assistantship is depicted and 

 the ideal fellowship for the university defined. The 

 so-called industrial fellowships for industrial ends 

 are severely criticized. Several basic premises are 

 drawn up and these lead directly to the conclu- 

 sions that university researches should be con- 

 cerned primarily with pure chemistry and not 

 with industrial problems, else, chemical progress 

 now so much more marked outside the academic 

 walls will still further outrank the advancement 

 made at our universities. Both the industrial and 

 academic world will profit greatly through in- 

 vestigations in the pure science, for which uni- 

 versities and endowed laboratories are most favor- 

 ably situated. To this end, the industries, the uni- 

 versities, 'and The American Chemical Society 

 should bend every effort to instill the proper spirit 

 of research in our newly graduated chemists. A 

 brief outline of "A Plan for Incentive to Re- 

 search" is given. This is based upon monetary 

 reward for original contributions to the literature. 

 The extent of such reward is based upon the de- 

 cision of the several boards of editors of the 

 American Chemical Society. A fund for the pur- 

 pose is of course required and to this end many 

 industries will be glad to contribute. Freedom to 

 select any particular university and to work under 

 the direction of a personally chosen authority is 

 shown to be an absolute necessity for the proper 

 growth of research talent both on the part of in- 

 structor and student. 



The economic status of the chemist: A. M. 

 Comet. Discussion of average salaries received by 

 research chemists in a number of laboratories, 

 January 1, 1920, compared with those received 

 January 1, 1915. Average present salaries re- 

 ceived by research chemists in a number of labora- 

 tories according to the number of years out of 

 college. 



Crystal growth in hearing metals: B. G. Mahin. 

 It is shown in this paper that gamma tin-anti- 

 mony and epsilon tin-copper crystals grow appreci- 

 ably in tin base bearing metals, at temperatures at 

 or slightly below the lower border of their tem- 

 perature range of formation. Specimens of chill 

 cast bearing metals were heated to various stated 

 temperatures, in many cases these being immersed 

 in glycerine to prevent oxidation. After periods 

 varying from one to four hours the specimens were 

 examined and the crystals were measured. 



The specific heat of petroleum at different tem- 

 peratures: F. W. BusHONQ and L. L. Knight. 

 The results obtained together with those taken from 

 chemical literature were presented in the form of 

 curves. They show that the specific heat of the 

 petroleum hydrocarbons, including paraflin, is pro- 

 portional to, or a function of, the absolute tem- 

 perature. 



The filter press: D. E. Sperrt. The paper de- 

 iscribed the general principle of the filter press, the 

 different arrangements possible, the materials filter 

 presses can be constructed of, means of feeding 

 ,and piping the filter press with a discussion of 

 pumps appropriate for handling various substances 

 and the method of attack to be used in selecting 

 ,the proper arrangement for the filtration of several 

 widely different substances. The different filter- 

 ing mediums also were discussed. 



, Chemical corrosion: D. T. Shaw. Two types of 

 .corrosion are discussed, (1) Static Corrosion, {%) 

 (Velocity Corrosion in which the corroding liquid 

 (passes across the test piece at velocities from 

 ,8 ft./min. to 1400 ft./min. Under Static Corros- 

 ion, the effect of various factors affecting the ra4;e 

 of corrosion was studied as follows: (1) The shape 

 of the test piece, within reasonable limits, has no 

 effect. (2) The volume of the corroding liquid, 

 above a certain minimum, is without influence. 

 (3) The effect of concentration depends upon the 

 solubility of the metal or of the corrosion product. 

 ,(4) Temperature has a profound influence, it 

 having been proved that the logarithm of the cor- 

 rosion rate varies directly as the temperature. 

 ,(5) The time of exposure of the test piece to the 

 corroding liquid must be long to eliminate initial 

 corrosion effects. (6) The test piece after the test 

 should be cleaned by hand polishing with some 

 mild abrasive such as " Old Dutch Cleanser." 



A new type of catalyzer for hydrogenation: W. 

 D. Richardson. The new type of metallic cata- 

 lyzer described is the invention of Mr. Benjamin 



