592 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. LII. No. 1356 



of Professor E. Brumpt who lias working 

 with him Dr. M. Langeron and Dr. C. Joyeixx. 

 The laboratories are pleasant and comfortable 

 and are excellently supplied with collections 

 of specimens, charts, and reprints. Professor 

 Brumpt is revising his book on parasitology 

 and is studying piroplasmosis in dogs and 

 cattle; Dr. Joyeux is devoting his time to the 

 problem of the transmission of tapeworms in 

 cattle and poultry and is carrying on experi- 

 ments with mealworms and Dr. Langeron is 

 at work on the morphology of mosquitoes. 

 Also connected with this laboratory are Dr. 

 Eobert Dollfus who is preparing a monograph 

 on larval trematodes and Dr. E. Tejera, of 

 Caracas, who is investigating Chagas' disease. 

 Here I heard the first of the complaints that I 

 was destined to listen to throughout my entire 

 trip. As in other countries the cost of living 

 has increased out of all proportion to the sal- 

 aries paid to men in educational work; the 

 cost of printing has risen to such a degree 

 that investigators are unable to publish the 

 results of their work; and the unfavorable 

 rate of exchange makes it practically im- 

 possible for either men or institutions to pur- 

 chase scientific books and periodicals. I was 

 asked by many of the men I visited to do all 

 I could to help them obtain American publi- 

 cations, and enquiries were made as to the 

 possibility of publishing in American jour- 

 nals. These countries have also suffered 

 more than we have from the loss of young 

 men, a condition it will take several genera- 

 tions to remedy. 



Professor G. Caullery and his associate. Dr. 

 C. Perez, of the faculty of sciences, occupy a 

 building that was formerly a residence sev- 

 eral squares from the Sorbonne. Here they 

 have conducted important researches in pro- 

 tozoology and entomology. 



The Pasteur Institute in Paris need not be 

 described to this audience. It is not as badly 

 off as some of the other institutions visited; 

 its income is, I believe, about the same as 

 before the war but due to the increase in 

 prices, has a purchasing power only one third 

 as great as formerly. Professor A. Laveran, 

 who discovered the malaria organism in 1880 



and has done such fine work with trypano- 

 somes and other protozoa is now very old. 

 Nevertheless, he goes to his laboratory every 

 day including Sunday, and took an active 

 interest in my accotmt of the experimental 

 work being done with trypanosomes in this 

 school. His colleague. Professor F. Mesnil, 

 is very energetic and an enthusiastic investi- 

 gator of blood-inhabiting protozoa. Other 

 investigators now working with Laveran and 

 Mesnil are Dr. G. Franchini, of the Univer- 

 sity of Bologna, who is studying the relation 

 between the intestinal fiagellates of insects 

 and the blood-inhabiting flagellates of man, 

 and Dr. Perard, of the School of Veterinary 

 Science of Paris, who is studying the human 

 trypanosome, T. venezuelense, recently dis- 

 covered in Venezuela. 



An awakening to the value of public health 

 work in France and other European countries 

 is evident from the plans reported to me by 

 various men in Paris. Dr. Brumpt told me of 

 a school of hygiene and public health which 

 is to be established in Paris as soon as funds 

 are available; Dr. Franchini stated that the 

 Italians hoped to build up a school of hygiene 

 in ISTaples ; and later I was told by Dr. O. Van 

 der Stricht, of Ghent, that a similar institu- 

 tion is planned by the Belgians for Antwerp. 



The iN'ational Museum of ISTatural History 

 in Paris is an institution every zoologist 

 visits with reverence since it is associated in 

 our minds with the names of such men as 

 Lamarck, Cuvier and Buffon. The collections 

 include type specimens of many of our best 

 known animals that were prepared for exhi- 

 bition purposes, named and described by these 

 early naturalists. To a medical zoologist the 

 most interesting exhibit here is that of the 

 Arachnida made by Dr. E. Simon. This, I 

 believe, is the best collection in -the world, 

 and includes representatives of all species 

 that are known to transmit piroplasmas, spiro- 

 chetes, rickettsias and other pathogenic pro- 

 tozoa. The methods of preserving and mount- 

 ing these and other specimens are very in- 

 structive. 



At Alfort near Paris is the National Veter- 

 inary School. The French helminthologist. 



