December 24, 1920] 



SCIENCE 



595 



three floors are devoted to laboratories and 

 class rooms and the upper four floors are used 

 as a seaman's hospital. Here patients -with 

 tropical diseases are brought from the hos- 

 pitals at the docks and both students and 

 instructors have access to an abundance of 

 material. The subjects in which laboratory 

 instruction are given are protozoology, taught 

 by Professor J. G. Thomson; helminthology, 

 by Professor R. T. Leiper, and medical ento- 

 mology, by Professor A. Alcock. Besides this 

 there are numerous lecturers. Among those 

 that I heard during my six week's residence 

 at the school were Dr. Castellani, on mycology ; 

 Dr. James, on malaria; Sir Leonard Rogers, 

 on leprosy; Sir Joseph Cantlie, on liver ab- 

 scess; Dr. G. 0. Low, on amebic dysentery, 

 and Dr. P. Manson-Bahr, on bilharziasis and 

 kala-azar. The clinical side of tropical medi- 

 cine is in charge of Drs. Low and Manson- 

 Bahr and Sir Joseph Cantlie; and the patho- 

 logical side is in the hands of Professor H. B. 

 Newham. The course occupies twelve weeks 

 and each of the three laboratory subjects, 

 protozoology, helminthology and medical ento- 

 mology, is given a total of 72 hours. The 

 clinical and pathological asi>ects of medical 

 zoology are entirely under the control of the 

 medical staff. The latter are particularly in- 

 terested in methods of treatment and are 

 frequent contributors to the literature on this 

 subject. The regular instructors devote their 

 spare time to the parasites themselves. Dr. 

 Thomson is continuing his serological work 

 on malaria, and Dr. Leiper is carrying on in- 

 vestigations on the elimination of hookworm 

 from mines. In the same building, with the 

 School of Tropical Medicine, is the Tropical 

 Diseases Bureau, under the direction of Dr. 

 A. G. Bagshawe. This bureau publishes the 

 Tropical Diseases Bulletin and the Tropical 

 Veterinary Bulletin. 



Across the street from the School of Trop- 

 ical Medicine are the new laboratories of the 

 Wellcome Bureau of Scientific Research. ISTo 

 teaching is done here and so the men may de- 

 vote their time to research. Dr. A. Balfour, 

 who is director of the bureau, and Dr. C. M. 

 Wenyon, are both protozoologists. Entomol- 



ogy is in charge of Dr. Dudgeon. The mu- 

 seum of the Wellcome Bureau is being trans- 

 ferred from another part of the city to the 

 new laboratory buildings. In this museum 

 Dr. Daukes has developed in a remarkably 

 successful manner exhibits of infectious dis- 

 eases for the purpose of visual instruction. 

 He has divided these diseases into four groups 

 according to the method of infection, namely, 

 contact infections, mouth to mouth infections, 

 excremental infections and blood infections. 

 Photographs, drawings, transparencies, pre- 

 served specimens of vectors, models and path- 

 ological specimens are all used to create a 

 lasting mental picture of each disease. 



The men at the Lister Institute of Preven- 

 tive Medicine are for the most part still en- 

 gaged on problems initiated by war conditions. 

 Dr. J. A. Arkwright showed me specimens of 

 the supposed organism, Bichettsia, of Trench 

 Fever ; Dr. A. Bacot is rearing flies aseptically, 

 has devised a method of hatching mosquito 

 eggs within about four minutes although they 

 have been kept in the laboratory from two to 

 nine months, and demonstrated to me fleas 

 containing plague bacilli; the protozoologist. 

 Dr. H. M. Woodcock is studying some very 

 interesting flagellates that occur in sheep and 

 goat dung and that exhibit what appear to be 

 sexual phenomena. Sir David and Lady 

 Bruce had both for many years before the war 

 been investigating trypanosomes and have ex- 

 tensive collections of slides and colored draw- 

 ings. 



At the Royal Army Medical College are the 

 various types of laboratories to be expected in 

 such an institution. Colonel J. A. Anderson 

 exhibited to me a collection of models illus- 

 trating especially methods of dealing with soil 

 IJoUution and mosquito control in the army. 

 Colonel S. L. Cummins and Major Perry are 

 both pathologists who are interested in para- 

 sitic protozoa and worms. 



The subject of tropical medicine at the 

 Royal Naval Medical College at Greenwich is 

 in charge of Rear-Admiral Bassett-Smith, 

 who has as his assistant Major E. L. Atkinson. 

 Both of these men have been active in investi- 

 gations of diseases due to protozoa and para- 



