December 31, 1920] 



SCIENCE 



643 



naphthalene 1, 5-disulfonie acid is obtained. This 

 is fused with caustic soda and the resulting naph- 

 thol is oxidized with chromic acid to juglone. 

 This hydroxynaphthoquinone yields a wide variety 

 of halogen derivatives; additional products at low 

 temperatures, and substitution products at high 

 temperature. These are dyes since they contain 

 both the ehromophore and auxoehrome groups. 

 Both chlorine and bromine derivatives of juglone 

 have been prepared. Tribromojuglone is obtained 

 in yields of nearly 100 per cent, of the theoretical, 

 is rich red in color while its sodium salt is indigo 

 blue. The new work in this field includes the 

 preparation of some ethers. Methyl ether, brick 

 red crystals, its sodium salt being diffiEult to pre- 

 pare; ethyl ether, yellowish red needles, its sodium 

 salt being readily made. • The influence of the 

 alkyl radicles is to cause the dyes to become reddish 

 in tone. 



Applications of maleic and fumario acids and 

 their salts in the textile industry: J. H. Car- 

 penter. This paper gives a brief outline of the 

 excellent results obtained with the use of maleic 

 and fumarie acids when used as mordanting as- 

 sistants in the chroming of wool, and briefly points 

 out the real commercial possibilities for these 

 acids. The subject of their use in the scrooping 

 and dyeing of silk is taken up and some positive 

 results pointed out in that fleld. The uses of 

 maleic acid in cotton printing are mentioned and 

 the reasons why negative results were sometimes 

 gotten are briefly enumerated. The application of 

 these acids in dyeing various materials with spe- 

 cial colors are discussed and the results gotten in 

 using them for dyeing of leather are mentioned. 



The anilides of beta oxy napthoio acid: E. R. 

 Brdnskill. If instead of beta-oxy-napthoic acid, 

 the anilide is used for dyeing by the ice process 

 the colors produced are brighter in shade and 

 much faster to washing. A comparison is made of 

 beta-oxy-napthoic acid, the anilid, toluide and p- 

 chloranilide, coupled with aniline, p-nitraniline, 

 para-toluidine, meta-nitro-para-toluidine, para- 

 chloranUine-o-sulfonio acid, and o-chlor-p-toluidine 

 sulfonic acid. 



The education of the research chemist: Eobert 

 E. Rose, Ph.D. The research men turned out by 

 the educational system of this country are excel- 

 lent — this has been shown by the way the dye 

 chemists have succeeded. If fault can be found 

 with the system, it is with its failure to train the 

 senses systematically during ehUdhood, and with 

 the emphasis placed on memory courses and sec- 



ond-hand data. We shall have a higher average of 

 research attainment when we appreciate the na- 

 tional importance of the grade school teacher and 

 give the calling the dignity it merits. Our uni- 

 versities need to escape from "text-book" teach- 

 ing and our research geniuses need to be freed 

 from routine duties — ^though research is only the 

 use of the results of accurate observation as ma- 

 terial for logical reasoning; yet to produce those 

 who can observe rightly and think clearly is the 

 most difiicult educational problem. The Ameri- 

 can Chemical Society might aid materially by or- 

 ganizing a section devoted to research training 

 where teachers and technical men could exchange 

 views. 



Extraction of resorcinol from the alkali melt: 

 Harrt McCormack. The object of the investi- 

 gation reported herewith was to determine some 

 more economical method of separating resorcinol 

 from aqueous sodium sulphate solution obtained 

 from the neutralization of the alkali melt in which 

 sodium resorcinate is produced, than the custom- 

 ary practise of extracting with ether, or with ether 

 and benzene. The method worked out effects the 

 separation of resorcinol from the sodium sulphate, 

 sodium sulphite solution, by evaporating the solu- 

 tion to such concentration that practically all the 

 sodium sulphate crystallized, leaving all of the 

 resorcinol in solution. The resulting solution is 

 evaporated to complete dryness, pulverized and the 

 resorcinol extracted from the dry mass by treat- 

 ment with ethyl alcohol or other suitable solvents 

 for resorcinol in which sodium sulphate and 

 sodium sulphite are insoluble. It is found that 

 with a 72 per cent, alcohol solution sodium sul- 

 phate is insoluble. Such an alcohol solution dis- 

 solves the resorcinol to the amount of more than 

 50 per cent, of the alcohol used and from this 

 alcohol solution it is easy to secure the resorcinol 

 by distiUiug off the alcohol and then purifying the 

 resorcinol by vacuimi difitillation. Solvent loss 

 amounts to li to 2J per cent, of the weight of the 

 resorcinol. 



Photosensitizing dyes: Louis E. Wise. 



The preparation of lepidine and related bases: 

 Louis A. Mikeska. Recent developments in the 

 field of photosensitizing dyes have brought lepi- 

 dine and related bases again into prominence. A 

 procedure is given for the preparation of lepidine, 

 p-tolulepidine and p-ethoxylepidine. 



Isooyanine dyes from lepidine and its homologs: 

 Elliot Q. Adams and Heebeet L. Halleb. The 



