286 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. LI. No. 1316 



(2) Interrelations with forage pro- 



duction on the open range. 



(3) Interrelations with crop produc- 



tion. 



(4) Climate and fluctuations in ani- 



mal populations. 

 II. Analysis of relation of individual animal to 

 its environment. 



1. Breeding habits. 



2. Migration. 



3. Hibernation and estivation. 



4. Nests, shelters and other structures. 



5. Interrelationships of species. 



6. Adaptation of particular life forms to 



the environment. 



7. Controlled investigations. 



(1) In the laboratory. 



(o) Behavior. 

 (6) Food. 



(c) Adaptation and response. 



(d) Domestication. 



(2) In the field. 



(a) Fenced areas for special 



study, e. g., of 



damage done to 



forage. 



(a) Bodent inclosures; 



exclosures. 

 (&) Eradication plots; 



reinvasion plots, 

 (c) Census and burrow 

 investigation areas. 

 {d) Eeseeding plots. 

 (6) Comparison of animal re- 

 sponses in different 

 measured habitats. 

 III. Analysis of broad movements of animal popu- 

 lations through time. 



(1) The paleontologic record. 



(2) Present distribution. 



(3) Relationships of animals to the envir- 



ments of the past. 



(4) Suecessional communities of animals. 

 IV. Analysis of data of geographical distribution 



of higher vertebrates. 

 1. Eealms, regions, life zones, faunal areas, 

 formations, associations, animal com- 

 munities in general. 

 V. Economic aspects of analysis of the animal 

 community. 

 1. Animals and products of the farm. 



(1) Rodents and crops. 



(2) Relation of birds to agriculture. 



(3) Predatory animals and the stock 



industry. 



(4) Economies of fur bearing ani- 



mals. 



2. Animals and reforestation. 



(1) Eifect of rodents on natural or 



artificial seeding. 



(2) Big game and the forest. 



(3) Birds and insect tree enemies. 



(4) Animals and forest burns. 



(5) Animals and logged over areas. 



3. Animals a« related to the grazing prob- 



blem. 



(1) Effects of rodents on carrying 



capacity of the range. 



(2) Elucidation of the relations of 



cattle, sheep, goats, big game, 

 predatory animals, rodents and 

 plants in the disturbed condi- 

 tions now prevailing on the 

 open ranges of the West. 



(o) Comparison with condi- 

 tions in northern 

 Africa, Europe, Asia, 

 Australia. 



(3) Permanent vegetative changes 



produced by the unrestricted 

 grazing of cattle and rodents, 

 and their significance from the 

 standpoint of range mainte- 

 nance and the future maximum 

 productivity of the land. 



4. Further domestications of wild species 



of animals. 



(1) Ducks and other game birds. 



(2) Deer and elk. 



(3) Fur bearing mammals. 



5. Statistics of animal economies. 



(1) Estimates of numbers of rod- 



ents and other mammals and 

 birds of economic significance 

 in different types of country. 



(2) Estimates and determinations of 



extent of different types of 

 country in the United States. 



(3) Estimates of benefits or losses 



conferred by different species 

 of vertebrates. 



(a) As individual animals. 



(6) Aggregate for species 

 as a whole. 



(4) Estimates of total losses from 



rodents and other harmful 

 mammals in the United States. 



