May 14, 1920] 



SCIENCE 



493 



more or less metamorphosed. These rocks were 

 placed by SafEord in the Cambrian a reference at 

 first questioned by the government geologists but 

 afterwards accepted. In this area the Ocoee slates 

 overlie the Knox dolomite the larger part of which 

 is Ordovician. These relations indicate, therefore, 

 the presence here of a great overthrust fault 

 whereby the lower Ocoee rocks have been thrust 

 over the Knox dolomite to the distance of eight or 

 ten miles. Two periods of faulting are recognized 

 in the region, the first of which is recorded in the 

 above-mentioned overthrust of the Cambrian upon 

 the Knox. Ijater came another stage of folding 

 and faulting in which the faults of the first period 

 were involved giving rise to complex structures not 

 always easily decipherable. It was during this 

 second period of movement that most of the great 

 faults of the valley were produced. 



The OrisTcany sandstone faunule at Oriskany 

 Falls, New Torh: Habrt N. Eaton. The type lo- 

 cality of the Oriskany sandstone is at Oriskany 

 Falls, in the southern part of Oneida county. New 

 York, where a lower Devonian section ds exposed. 

 This occurrence has been known in the literature 

 since 1839 when Vanuxem noted it in his state 

 survey report. Structurally, the sandstone is a 

 small lens, ten feet thick, whose southern edge only 

 can be (Observed. The faunal list is interesting 

 chieiiy because it is larger than formerly supposed, 

 and as showing relations to other faunules in New 

 Tork and Ontario. This study was incidental to 

 more detailed work on the Oriskany in another 

 New York locality. 



Salem limestone outliers in central Missouri: 

 Courtney "Werner. 



Geology of the Sullivan county, Indiana, oil 

 field: Stephen S. Visher. Approximately 30 

 miles south of Terre Haute, and only a few miles 

 from the Illinois boundary, there are seven pro- 

 ducing oil pools aggregating in area about 12 

 square mUes. About 500 wells are being pumped. 

 The daily production was recently about 1,000 

 barrels. No report on the geological conditions in 

 this oil field has been published. A study carried 

 on recently under the direction of State Geologist 

 Logan, has revealed several interesting facts. 

 Production is from four sands. The highest of 

 these, at a depth of approximately 620 feet, seems 

 clearly to be along the unconformity between the 

 Allegheny and the Pottsville divisions of the 

 Pennsylvania Formation. The three lower sands 

 are in the Mansfield division of the Pottsville. 

 The second sand is about 660 feet below the sur- 



face; the third ^bout 740 and the fourth about 800 

 feet. The presence of more than one oil sand has 

 not been recognized by most drillers. Many wells 

 have been abandoned only a few feet above a sand 

 in which wells not far away obtain profitable pro- 

 duction. No proof of local folding or doming was 

 obtained. The evidence at hand indicates that the 

 oil pools are lenses of sand along the buried vaUey 

 of an ancient aggrading river or rivers. The Indi- 

 ana Geological Survey is publishing the full re- 

 port. 



The late Pleistocene submergence in the Colum- 

 bia Biver valley : J. Harlen Bretz. 



The latest glacial features in the United States: 

 Herman L. Fairchild. These features are de- 

 picted on maps of a forthcoming Bulletin of the 

 New York State Museum, proofs of which are here 

 exhibited. The locality is the north boundary of 

 New York. Here, on the point of the northern 

 salient of the Adirondack mass the waning Que- 

 bec (Labradorian) glacier made its last stand on 

 American territory with the effect of impounding 

 glacial waters. Probably the ice Sheet abandoned 

 northern Maine somewhat later. The extinction 

 features of Lake Iroquois, the last and most in- 

 teresting of the long series of glacial waters, lie 

 here; these being the second outlet channel through 

 Covey pass and the shoreline phenomena on the 

 west. On the Champlain side of the highland are 

 the remarkable denuded rock areas and channels 

 produced by the latest glacial drainage held to high 

 levels by the Champlain lobe of the wasting gla- 

 cier. Beneath these glacial stream features on the 

 east side of the salient, and the Iroquois shore on 

 the west side, lies the shore of the sea-level waters, 

 wliieh had followed the receding ice front up the 

 Hudson-Champlain valley. This "marine" shore, 

 strongly marked by heavy cobble bars and deltas, 

 curves around the north end of the salient (Covey 

 Hill) and passes back into New York north of 

 Chateaugay village. At Covey pass the Iroquois 

 plane is to-day 1,030 feet altitude, and the marine 

 beach is 740 feet. The difference, 290 feet, is the 

 altitude of Lake Iroquois at the time of its down- 

 draining into the Champlain Sea, which figure is 

 the master key to the quantitative study of land 

 deformation in the Ontario-St. Lawrence valley. 



Springfield, Missouri and the frontier of ISSO: 

 Lewis F. Thomas. About 1820 white settlers be- 

 gan to move into the Osage county of Missouri and 

 settle in the more favored localities. One of these 

 was the site of Springfield, which on account of a 

 favorable combination of natural advantages out- 



