494 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. LI. No. 1324 



stripped all the other settlements. An abundant 

 supply of sparkling water and a magnificent stand 

 of walnut and oak timber determined the location 

 of the cabins and stores. The near by grass lands 

 were easily broken by the plow into fertile fields or 

 left as open range lands for cattle. The greatest 

 advantage was the location of the settlement, situ- 

 ated as it was on the broad undulating surface of 

 the White-Osage Eiver divide where an old north- 

 south Indian trail intersected an east-west White 

 Eiver trail. These traUs passed through the stages 

 of road and pike to railroad. Back and forth over 

 them moved the settlers and freight which gave 

 life to the city and made it the social, political, 

 manufacturing and commercial center of south- 

 western Missouri. Thus Springfield has been from 

 the beginning of settlement a densely settled popu- 

 lation outlier in the sparcely settled Ozark region. 



The Chester series in Illinois: Stuaet Welles. 

 The original section of the Mississippian forma- 

 tion is that along the Mississippi River in Iowa 

 and Illinois. The upper portion of this section 

 constituting the "Chester Group" of Worthen 

 is typically exposed in southern Illinois. This suc- 

 cession of strata is now considered to be of Series 

 rank, and the upper Mississippian is now called the 

 Chester Series, w'hile the name Iowa Series is sug- 

 gested for the lower Mississippian. In the course 

 of detailed mapping in southern. Illin(>is, in prog- 

 ress since 1911, the Chester Series has been sub- 

 divided into sixteen distinct f ormational units. In 

 the more complete section, as exhibited in Pope 

 and Johnson counties, these formations are alter- 

 nately sandstone and calcareous members, the cal- 

 careous members being made up of considerable 

 amounts of shale interbedded with limestone. The 

 names used for these formations are as follows: 

 Upper Chester — 16, Kinkaid limestone; 15, De- 

 gonia sandstone; 14, Clore limestone; 13, Pales- 

 tine sandstone; 12, Menard limestone; 11, Wal- 

 tersburg sandstone; 10, Vienna limestone; 9, Tar 

 Springs sandstone. Middle Chester — 8, Glen Dean 

 limestone; 7, Hardensburg sandstone; 6, Golconda 

 limestone; 5, Cypress sandstone. Lower Chester — 

 4, Paint Creek limestone; 3, Yankeetown forma- 

 tion and Bethel sandstone; 2, Renault limestone; 

 1, Aux Vases sandstone. The limestone members 

 of this series of formations, with the possible ex- 

 ception of the Vienna, exhibit a continuous distri- 

 bution across the state from Hardin county at the 

 southeast to Randolph and Monroe counties at the 

 northwest, but most of the sandstones are not con- 

 tinuously present. The Aux Vases sandstone has 



its greater development in the Mississippi River 

 section and thins out to the southeast, being very 

 certainly wanting in the section east of Union 

 county. The Bethel, Cypress, Hardensburg and 

 Tar Springs sandstones have their great develop- 

 ment in the southeast and are either wanting in 

 the Mississippi River section, or are represented by 

 more or less discontinuous, thin beds. The Wal- 

 tersburg sandstone has its great development in 

 Pope and Johnson counties and thins out both to 

 the east and the west. The Palestine and Degonia 

 sandstones are about equally developed across the 

 entire Chester area in the state. 



Correlation of the Upper Paleozoic rocks of the 

 Sueco Mountain region of Texas: J. W. Beede.i 

 Three great groups of rooks, the Mississippian, 

 Pennsylvanian and Permian, each separated from 

 the beds beneath them by unconformity, are rep- 

 resented in the Hueco region of Hudspeth county, 

 Texas. The Mississippian is composed of some 

 500 feet of limestones and shales, and is referred 

 to the Chester Group by WeUer. Eleven hundred 

 feet of Magdalena beds composed of limestones 

 and marls represent the Des Moines Group of the 

 Pennsylvanian system. The Manzano Group cor- 

 responds to the Wichita beds of central Texas and 

 the Neva limestone to Summer Series of Kansas. 

 The Abo sandstone of New Mexico appears to be 

 wanting at localities studied; but belongs to Upper 

 Pennsylvanian system. These beds are followed 

 by strong unconformity carrying 100 feet of for- 

 eign conglomerate which cuts diagonally across the 

 upper beds and the Diablo plateau to the northern 

 Salt Flat. It is followed by pai't of the Leonard 

 formation and farther south the Word formation 

 comes in. This unconformity appears to be the 

 one at the base of the Leonard formation in the 

 Glass Mountains which extends from Salt Flat 

 southwest to the Hueco and southeast to the Glass 

 Mountains. From there northeastward to eastern 

 Coke county and Red River, and probably into 

 Kansas. It is the surface on which the Double 

 Mountain beds were deposited. 



The Devonian rocks of southwestern Illinois: T. 

 E. Savage. The Devonian rocks in the lower 

 Mississippian embayment have an aggregate thick- 

 ness of nearly 1,000 feet. Of these, a thickness of 

 more than 800 feet occur in southwest Il l inois. 

 In this state these rocks do not extend as far north 

 as St. Louis, and their outcrops are restricted to 



1 Published by permission of the director of the 

 Bureau of Economic Geology and Technology, 

 University of Texas. 



