92 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXVII. No. 942 



upper part of the bone in front of the molars. 

 The horizontal ramus is slender, and resembles 

 in shape that of a young chimpanzee {Antliro- 

 popithecus niger). The lower symphysial 

 border is produced into a broad flat junction 

 with that of the opposite side, being in this 

 respect completely simian. The ascending 

 ramus is broad, with extensive insertions for 

 the temporal and masseter muscles, and has a 

 very shallow sigmoid notch. Molars 1 and 2 

 are typically human, though they are some- 

 what large and narrow; each bears a fifth 

 cusp; their cusps have been worn perfectly flat 

 by mastication. The mandible is certainly 

 the most remarkable feature of the find; al- 

 though it bears some general resemblance to 

 the Heidelberg jaw, it differs in being less 

 massive, with smaller molars, a still more 

 negative chin, and the simian symphysis. In 

 making a model of the restored jaw Dr. Smith 

 Woodward found he had too much room for 

 the missing teeth and consequently was forced 

 to leave a disastema between the canines and 

 premolars, but on other grounds he believes 

 that the canines were not specially prominent. 

 The jaw as restored is wonderfully like that of 

 a chimpanzee. Thus we have a being with 

 what is virtually a human cranium and a 

 simian jaw. The weakness of the mandible, 

 the slight prominences of the brow-ridges, the 

 small backward extent of the origin of the 

 temporal muscles, and the reduction of the 

 mastoid processes suggest that the specimen 

 belongs to a female individual, and it may be 

 regarded as representing a hitherto unknown 

 species of man for which not only a new spe- 

 cies but a new genus must be erected — Dr. 

 Woodward bestowed on it the name of Eoan- 

 thropus Daivsoni. 



Mr. Dawson gave an account of the finding 

 of the specimens, the nature and geographical 

 and geological position of the gravel bed and 

 Dr. Smith Woodward described the remains in 

 a most excellent manner. He pointed out that 

 the skull of Eoanthropus was very different 

 from that of Homo monsteriensis (H. nean- 

 derthalensis) , and that it bore some resem- 

 blance to the skull of a young chimpanzee. 

 He suggested that as the characters of the 



adult male chimpanzee's skull diverged con- 

 siderably from the juvenile characters, so pos- 

 sibly H. monsteriensis may have diverged from 

 a type like Eoanthropus. Professor G. Elliot 

 Smith was called on to give an account of his 

 investigation on the cast of the cranial cavity, 

 and he pointed out that, while the general 

 shape and size of the brain was human, the 

 arrangement of the meningeal arteries was 

 typically simian, as was a deep notch in the 

 occipital region; he regarded it as the most 

 ape-like human brain of which we have any 

 knowledge. Sir Eay Lankester, Professor A. 

 Iveith, Professor Boyd Dawkins, Mr. Clement 

 Eeid, Dr. Duckworth, Professor Waterston, 

 Mr. Reginald A. Smith and others discussed 

 the paper. 



There can be no doubt that this is a dis- 

 covery of the greatest importance and will 

 give rise to much discussion. It is the nearest 

 approach we have yet reached to a " missing 

 link," for whatever may be the final verdict as 

 to the systemic position of Pithecanthropus 

 erectus, probably few will deny that Eoan- 

 thropus Daivsoni is almost if not quite as 

 much human as simian. The recent discov- 

 eries of human remains in the Dordogne re- 

 gion and elsewhere are demonstrating that 

 several races of man lived in paleolithic times, 

 and we may confidently look forward to new 

 finds which will throw fresh light upon the 

 evolution of man. 



A. C. Haddon 



THE YALE PESVVIAN EXPEDITION OF 



On Thursday, December 19, the Tale mem- 

 bers of the Peruvian Expedition of 1912 re- 

 turned to New Haven. This, the third Tale 

 expedition to Peru, was conducted jointly by 

 the University and the National Geographic 

 Society, the Tale members being Professor 

 Hiram Bingham, '98, director; Professor Her- 

 bert E. Gregory, '96, geologist; Dr. George P. 

 Eaton, '94, osteologist, and Mr. Osgood Hardy, 

 1913, assistant — Mr. A. H. Bustead, the chief 



' From interviews with members printed in the 

 Yale Alumni WeeMy. 



