rEBBUAET 14, 1913] 



SCIENCE 



265 



Looss have been the most active in this field. In 

 the Gulf of Mexico three turtles have been investi- 

 gated by Professor B. Linton and two by myself 

 at the laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of 

 Washington situated on Dry Tortugas. In all, 

 nineteen species of trematodes have been found. 

 Of these, nine species occurred in the turtles of 

 the Gulf of Mexico, of which eight species live 

 also in those of the Mediterranean Sea, only one 

 species being peculiar to the former locality. Ten 

 species which occur in the Mediterranean have not 

 yet been obtained in the Gulf of Mexico, although 

 the probability that some of them at least will be 

 discovered there when a larger number of logger- 

 heads are investigated is a strong one. 



The most numerous trematode occurring in the 

 Gulf of Mexico loggerheads is Cymatocarpus un- 

 dulatus, several thousands of this species having 

 been found in the duodenum of each of the five 

 turtles investigated. This worm is apparently not 

 common in the Mediterranean, not having been 

 found at all off the Italian coast, although it has 

 been taken a number of times at Alexandria. 

 Among the individuals of this species in the duo- 

 denum of two of the turtles were many specimens 

 of Bhytidodes gelatinosus, and in the intestine of 

 two turtles was Pachypsolus ovalis many worms 

 being present in one ease and but two in the other. 

 This last-named worm is the only species which is 

 peculiar to the Gulf of Mexico, but its similarity 

 to P. irroratus of the Mediterranean is so great 

 that it is a question if it is not identical with it. 

 The urinary bladder and rectum of two turtles 

 contained many specimens of Flesiochorus cymii- 

 formis and in the intestine of one turtle were two 

 specimens of Monostomum pandum, while in an- 

 other was found a single Cricocephalus delitescens. 

 Orchidasmus amphiorchis, which is a very common 

 worm in the Mediterranean, was found in only one 

 turtle, and then in small numbers. 



Further discussions of these trematodes with 

 descriptions of those which are as yet insufficiently 

 known will be published in the Archives de Para- 



J. W. Scott (Kansas Agricultural College) : Note 



Concerning the Origin of the Introvert in Cir- 



ratulus. 

 E. M. Strong (University of Chicago) : Further 



Observations on the Olfactory Organs of Birds. 



In a study of the olfactory organs of birds, I 

 found that the fulmar has very large olfactory 

 lobes which are in immediate contact at their 

 anterior ends with the posterior ends of the nasal 



chambers. There are no so-called olfactory nerves.^ 

 Since the paper which described that condition 

 was published I have studied the olfactory organs 

 of a number of species of the order to which the 

 fulmar belongs, t. e., the Tubinares. In all of 

 these species similar conditions prevail, though the 

 relative size amd form of the olfactory lobes varies. 

 The anterior turbinal is small in the Tubinares, 

 but the other two turbinals are well developed. 

 The posterior turbinal, to which most of the olfac- 

 tory epithelium is apparently confined, is relatively 

 large, especially in the storm petrels. The results 

 of this work will be published later in connection 

 with a study of the anatomy of the Tubinares. 

 A. W. Meter (Stanford University) : Degenera- 

 tive and Obliterative Changes in the Fetal Ves- 

 sels and Ligaments. 



The observations which I desire to report were 

 made quite incidentally in connection with other 

 investigations. Hence in spite of the fact that a 

 rather large series of animals were examined, they 

 should not be considered as being exhaustive. The 

 first matter of some interest in connection with 

 these fetal structures is the entire absence of a 

 ligamentum teretis hepatis and a ligamentum sus- 

 pensorium hepatis in Canis familiaris and Ovis 

 aries and probably also in bovines. In view of 

 current descriptions and conceptions this seemed a 

 rather surprising fact and I was further surprised 

 that the statement also holds for old specimens of 

 Felis domestica and Cavia cabaya, although in 

 them the complete disappearance of these struc- 

 tures is comparatively slower. In Canis familiaris 

 and Ovis aries both the vena umbilicalis and the 

 ligamentum suspensorium hepatis disappear by the 

 end of the second or third month of fetal life, as a 

 rule, but they persist much longer in the other 

 animals mentioned. 



Since the umbilical vein disappears so early in 

 both the dog and sheep it would of course be in- 

 correct to say that a ligamentum teres was ever 

 formed or existed in them. On the other hand, in 

 cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, etc., in which the 

 degeneration is much slower and where it may be 

 partial, a more or less temporary round hepatic 

 ligament may hence be formed. 



In the dog and the sheep the degeneration and 

 regression of the umbilical vein and suspensory 

 ligament of the liver take place pari passu as a 

 rule, and they may even be somewhat inter- 

 dependent or at least inter-related processes. 



= See Strong, 1911, Jr. Morph., Vol. 22, No. 3, 

 pp. 619-660. 



