344 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXVII. No. 948 



Mhinoceros etrtiscus, Eqims stenonis, and two spe- 

 cies of deer; the cavern of Castillo near Puente 

 Viesgo, Spain, with its twelve relic-bearing hori- 

 zons; Mousterian eaves on the Island of Jersey; 

 La Ferrassie, La Combe and Laussel (Dordogne) ; 

 and the newly discovered cavern of Tuc d'Audou- 

 bert (Arifege), with its wall engravings and figures 

 of the bison modelled in clay. The paper was 

 illustrated by numerous lantern slides, for the 

 most part in color. 



The Carayan, Caririan, Chavantean and Guatoan 

 Linguistic Stocks of South America: Alex- 

 ander F. Chamberlain. 



Among the less well-known linguistic stocks of 

 the South American Indians are the Carayan, 

 Caririan, Chavantean and Guatoan, the first three 

 of which are entirely, and the last particularly, 

 within the area of modern Brazil. 



1. Carayan. — The present center of the territory 

 of the Carayan linguistic stock is on the Eio 

 Araguaya and its affluents in the Goyaz country, 

 south-central Brazil. The chief ' ' tribes, ' ' or 

 rather local divisions, of the Oaraya are the Cham- 

 bioa, the JavahS and the Caraya proper, the last 

 consisting of two ' ' hordes, ' ' a northern and a 

 southern. Our best authorities on the Carayan 

 stock are Coudreau, Ehrenreich, von den Steinen, 

 Kissenberth and F. Krause, the most valuable 

 material (a long Caraya vocabulary and one of 

 over 100 words in Javah6) being found in 

 Krause 's "In den Wildnissen Brasiliens" (Leip- 

 zig, 1911). Coudreau, in his "Voyage au To- 

 cantins-Araguaya" (Paris, 1897) gives a Caraya 

 vocabulary of 380 words. Older vocabularies are 

 given in de Castelnau, von Martins, etc. The 

 family name, Carayan, is derived from Caraya, an 

 appellation by which these Indians have long been 

 known. Krause (p. 187) says that the Caraya. 

 proper call themselves "kfiraja', karadja' and 

 also kradja. " 



2. Caririan. — The territory of the Caririan lin- 

 guistic stock originally included a considerable 

 portion of eastern Brazil, in the provinces of 

 Bahia, Pernambuco and Piauhy, north, south and 

 west of the Rio Sao Francisco. These Indians 

 were Christianized in the middle of the seventeenth 

 century, but at most a few hundreds now survive 

 in the valley of the lower Sao Francisco. With 

 the Carirl proper belong also the Sabuya, who 

 dwelt somewhat further south. Our chief sources 

 of information concerning the Carayan language, 

 besides the older missionaries (Mamiani, de 

 Nantes, et al.), are von der Gabelentz, Galvao, 



Platzmann (who have all republished or edited 

 catechisms and grammars of the missionaries), 

 Adam, Ehrenreich and von den Steinen. A Sabuya 

 vocabulary of over 100 words is given by von 

 Martins. The family name, Caririan, comes from 

 the appellation of the northern section of this 

 stock, which appears variously as Carirf, Cairirl, 

 Cayi'iry, Kirirl, etc. The etymology is unknown. 



3. Chavatean. — The territory of the Chavatean 

 linguistic stock lies in the region of the upper 

 Parana and lower Parapanema (about 20° s. lat., 

 52° w. long.), in Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso and 

 Parana (Brazil). These " Chavantes " (v. Ihering 

 seeks to call them "Eo-Chavantes") are not to 

 be confused with the Tapuyan ' ' Chavantes, ' ' or 

 "Akua, " of Goyaz and Matto Grosso. The lin- 

 guistic material of the Chavatean stock consists 

 of two short vocabularies by T. M. Borba and F. 

 R. Ewerton-Quadros, both of which are reprinted 

 by Professor H. von Ihering, our chief authority, 

 in his "The Anthropology of the State of S. 

 Paulo, Brazil" (2d ed., S. Paulo, 1906). The 

 family name, Chavantean, comes from ' ' Cha- 

 vantes" (the etymology of the word is uncertain), 

 a term applied to several Indian peoples of this 

 region. 



4. Guatoan. — The territory of the Guatoan lin- 

 guistic stock includes part of the northern Chaco 

 and the region about the confluence of the Para- 

 guay and the Sao Lourenco, particularly the coun- 

 try about Lakes Gaiba and Uberaba. The Gaiba 

 have been visited and described by Kowslowsky 

 (1894), Monoyer (1905), Schmidt (1900-01 and 

 1910). Our chief authority is M. Schmidt, whose 

 interesting book, ' ' Indianerstudien in Zentral- 

 brasilien " (Berlin, 1905), contains a section on 

 word-formation, a long classified vocabulary, some 

 sentences, etc. An older vocabulary of 160 words 

 is reproduced in von Martius from de Castelnau. 

 Schmidt's rfeume of his expedition of 1910 is to 

 be found in the Zeitschrift filr Ethnologic for 

 1912. The family name, Guatoan, comes from 

 Guato (Vuat6, Quato, etc.), the name by which 

 these Indians have long been known. No satisfac- 

 tory etymology is on record. 



Material Relating to Californian Indians in E. 



Teza's Saggi Inediti di Lingue Americane 



(Pisa, 1868): Alexander F. Chamberlain. 



Professor Emilio Teza's "Saggi Inediti di 

 Lingue Americane " ^ is so largely taken up with 



" ' ' Saggi Inediti di Lingue Americane. Ap- 

 punti Bibliografioi. " In Pisa. Dalla Tipografia 

 Nistri. MDCCCLXVIIL, pp. 91. 



