rEBEDART 28, 1913] 



SCIENCE 



347 



away widely from the inner angles of the eyes 

 to the alse of the nose. Looked at from the side 

 the bridge of the nose is straight or very slightly 

 aquiline from root to tip, and the lower border 

 (base) of the nose is straight from a point just 

 over the akanthion to the tip of the nose, al- 

 though the tip may dip below this straight line 

 sometimes. This line is not long in relation to 

 the breadth of the nose, but it is absolutely as 

 Ipng as the same line in the Hyper-phylo-morph 

 nose, and may even be longer when the nose is 

 unusually large. The nose looks flat, due to its 

 great breadth, when it is actually a high nose. 

 The alEe flare little, although the apertures of the 

 nostrils are large, due to the great width of the 

 nose. The nasal bones form a more acute angle 

 at their apposition than in the Hypo-phylo-morph 

 nose, and they pass abruptly above into the frontal 

 bone, where the overhanging brows and glabella 

 give the root of the nose a depressed appearance. 

 The malar and zygomatic bones are large and 

 project, and the jaws are prominent both in front 

 and at the sides of the face. The orbits are large, 

 the bony sinuses about the nose are of great size 

 and the lips are thick. The result is that the 

 whole face is large and the nose conforms with 

 its surroundings. 



The distribution of the primary forms of the 

 Meso-phylo-morph nose centers among the inhab- 

 itants of the Deocan and Ceylon, among the Poly- 

 nesian and the inland tribes of the Philippine 

 Islands, Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes, and 

 it assumes its most exaggerated form among the 

 Tasmanians, Australians, Melanesians, pure Ne- 

 gritos and true Negroes. The form exists some- 

 what modified among the peoples who have the 

 Hypo-phylo-morph nose, and is especially emphatic 

 among the men, although it appears among the 

 women. It fades away through northern Asia, in 

 central Europe, through southern Asia towards the 

 Mediterranean basin and in eastern and northern 

 Africa, at all of which points it merges into the 

 nose of the Hyper-phylo-morph. 



The Hyper-phylo-morph nose is long, high and 

 narrow, with high root, bridge and tip, the nos- 

 trils flare but little and open almost directly 

 downward. The nostrils may even open somewhat 

 backward in the exaggerated forms, as in the Jew, 

 for instance. The nose appears prominent and 

 may seem larger than it really is, inasmuch as the 

 jaws are not prognathous, and the brows and 

 glabella do not overhang the nose; the forehead 

 and chin may even recede, leaving the nose pro- 



jecting from the middle of the face. The nose 

 may be retroussee, straight, sinuous or aquiline. 

 The retroussee seen chiefly among women, is the 

 underdeveloped, whereas the aquiline, seen chiefly 

 among men, is the exaggerated form of the Hyper- 

 phylo-morph nose. Associated with this form of 

 nose is the long, narrow face and the long, high, 

 narrow head. The distance from the external 

 auditory meatus to the tip of the nose is greater 

 in this form than in either of the others, and this 

 projection of the nose to a pointed tip in asso- 

 ciation with the high, narrow forehead and pointed 

 chin give the characteristic appearance called by 

 the Australians in derision, ' ' the hatchet-faced 

 Englishman." 



The most representative types of the Hyper- 

 phylo-morph nose in its primary form are found 

 in northern Europe, Great Britain and America, 

 among the tall blond Nordics, and this form of 

 nose has been modified around the Mediterranean, 

 where it is extremely fine and thin. Its most 

 exaggerated forms are to be seen among the Jews, 

 Arabs and Gypsies. It is found more or less 

 modified in Asia and Africa along the course of 

 four streams of infiltration. The most intense 

 forms (the most perfect) are in southern Asia and 

 northern Africa, the least intense in northern 

 Asia and eastern Africa. The American Indians 

 present a Hyper-phylo-morph nose of an inter- 

 mediate form between that of the extreme Meso- 

 phlyo-morph and the primary Hyper-phylo-morph. 

 The characteristic Hyper-phylo-morph nose dwin- 

 dles in purity and frequency through southern 

 Asia and northward through the hearts of the 

 large islands of the Pacific among the inland 

 tribes, except among the Tasmanians, Australians 

 and Melanesians, to the inland tribes of the Philip- 

 pine Islands, and eastward into Polynesia; through 

 northern Asia into China and Japan, where in the 

 latter place the nose is similar to that of the 

 Mediterranean peoples; through northern Africa 

 into the Soudan to the Guinea coast; and through 

 eastern Africa to the Congo and along the south 

 and east coasts up to the Guinea coast and the 

 Congo again. The peoples who have this form of 

 nose in greatest purity may be enumerated as 

 follows: Danes and Scandinavians, North Ger- 

 mans, British, American whites in the United 

 States and Canada, Spanish, Portuguese, some 

 southern French and Italians, Greeks, Turks, 

 Arabs, Jews and Gypsies. Those peoples among 

 whom modified, yet fairly typical, forms are fre- 

 quent are: East Indians, Iranians and Turanians, 



